Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2022 Jun;51:100896. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100896. Epub 2022 Feb 28.
Both hosts and parasitoids evolved a diverse array of traits and strategies for their antagonistic interactions, affecting their chances of encounter, attack and survival after parasitoid attack. This review summarizes the recent progress that has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of these adaptations and counter-adaptations in various Drosophila host-parasitoid interactions. For the hosts, it focuses on the neurobiological and genetic control of strategies in Drosophila adults and larvae of avoidance or escape behaviours upon sensing the parasitoids, and the immunological defences involving diverse classes of haemocytes. For the parasitoids, it highlights their behavioural strategies in host finding, as well as the rich variety of venom components that evolved and were partially acquired through horizontal gene transfer. Recent studies revealed the mechanisms by which these venom components manipulate their parasitized hosts in exhibiting escape behaviour to avoid superparasitism, and their counter-strategies to evade or obstruct the hosts' immunological defences.
宿主和寄生蜂在其相互拮抗的关系中进化出了多种多样的特征和策略，这影响了它们相遇、攻击以及被寄生后存活的机会。这篇综述总结了在阐明各种黑腹果蝇宿主-寄生蜂相互作用中这些适应性和反适应性的分子机制方面所取得的最新进展。对于宿主来说，重点在于阐明当感知到寄生蜂时，果蝇成虫和幼虫回避或逃避行为的神经生物学和遗传控制，以及涉及各种血细胞类型的免疫防御。对于寄生蜂来说，重点在于它们在宿主寻找方面的行为策略，以及通过水平基因转移进化和部分获得的丰富多样的毒液成分。最近的研究揭示了这些毒液成分在操纵其已寄生的宿主表现出逃避行为以避免超寄生，以及它们逃避或阻碍宿主免疫防御的反策略的机制。
