Bayissa Tamene, Dugumaa Belay, Desalegn Kassahun
Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Gondar University, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Heliyon. 2022 Feb 23;8(2):e09012. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09012. eCollection 2022 Feb.
The poor nutritional quality of feed resources is one of the major constraints to optimal livestock productivity in Ethiopia. In the current study area, there is lack of information on the chemical composition of major feed resources to quantify their nutritional quality for interventions. The aim of this study was to assess the chemical composition of livestock feed resources (natural pasture, crop residues, local liquor byproduct () and indigenous fodder tree and shrub species) in the medium and low agroecological zones (AEZs) in the mixed farming system of Haru District, Ethiopia. The feed samples were analysed in dry matter basis for ash dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid-detergent fiber (ADF), neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) and ether extractor (EE)). The results revealed that nutrient content of feeds showed variation between the two AEZs. The overall mean DM, Ash, NDF, ADF, EE, and CP content of natural grass species ranged from 91.40 ± 0.84-92.26 ± 0.55 %, 6.88 ± 0.11-12.56 ± 1.04 %, 64.67 ± 1.51-70.14 ± 1.98 %, 47.47 ± 1.11-50.51 ± 1.30 %, 1.31 ± 0.11-1.58 ± 0.11 %, and 9.15 ± 0.31-12.07 ± 0.44 %, respectively, and the corresponding values for crop residues varied from 90.19 ± 0.77-93.67 ± 0.45 %, 7.20 ± 0.30-12.18 ± 0.66 %, 72.59 ± 2.26-78.19 ± 0.77 %, 53.70 ± 1.41-8.70 ± 0.82 %, 1.21 ± 0.09-1.97 ± 0.28 %, and 2.70 ± 0.16-6.43 ± 0.37 %, respectively. The overall mean DM, Ash, NDF, ADF, EE and CP content of in both AEZs ranged from 89.73 ± 0.67-93.71 ± 0.34 %, 7.55 ± 0.20-8.29 ± 0.04 %, 36.05 ± 0.42-42.38 ± 2.27 %, 30.31 ± 0.76-36.62 ± 0.49 %, 1.45 ± 0.01-1.68 ± 0.16 %, and 13.54 ± 0.27-16.43 ± 0.71 %, respectively. The overall mean DM, Ash, NDF, ADF, EE, and CP content of the indigenous fodder trees and shrubs (IFTS) varied between 90.49 ± 0.94-93.32 ± 0.58 %, 9.26 ± 0.46-11.82 ± 0.58 %, 45.29 ± .69-57.81 ± 2.80 %, 34.70 ± 0.48-36.90 ± 1.99 %, 2.34 ± 0.31-3.69 ± 0.19 %, and 8.12 ± .28-20.35 ± 0.42 %, respectively. In conclusion, IFTS had higher CP content followed by natural pasture grasses and crop residues. It is suggested that the supplementation of the studied IFTS and , particularly during the dry season when the quality of natural pasture decreases in CP content would be essential. Urea treatment of crop residues when affordable to improve its nutritional quality would be imperative to enhance livestock performance in the study area and for similar settings.
饲料资源营养质量差是埃塞俄比亚牲畜生产力达到最佳水平的主要制约因素之一。在当前的研究区域，缺乏关于主要饲料资源化学成分的信息，无法量化其营养质量以进行干预。本研究的目的是评估埃塞俄比亚哈鲁区混合作物种植系统中中低农业生态区（AEZs）牲畜饲料资源（天然牧场、作物残渣、当地酒类副产品（）以及本土饲料树和灌木物种）的化学成分。饲料样本以干物质为基础分析了灰分干物质（DM）、粗蛋白（CP）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和乙醚提取物（EE）。结果表明，两个农业生态区的饲料养分含量存在差异。天然草种的DM、灰分、NDF、ADF、EE和CP含量总体平均值分别为91.40±0.84 - 92.26±0.55%、6.88±0.11 - 12.56±1.04%、64.67±1.51 - 70.14±1.98%、47.47±1.11 - 50.51±1.30%、1.31±0.11 - 1.58±0.11%和9.15±0.31 - 12.07±0.44%，作物残渣的相应值分别为90.19±0.77 - 93.67±0.45%、7.20±0.30 - 12.18±0.66%、72.59±2.26 - 78.19±0.77%、53.70±1.41 - 8.70±0.82%、1.21±0.09 - 1.97±0.28%和2.70±0.16 - 6.43±0.37%。两个农业生态区中 的DM、灰分、NDF、ADF、EE和CP含量总体平均值分别为89.73±0.67 - 93.71±0.34%、7.55±0.20 - 8.29±0.04%、36.05±0.42 - 42.38±2.27%、30.31±0.76 - 36.62±0.49%、1.45±0.01 - 1.68±0.16%和13.54±0.27 - 16.43±0.71%。本土饲料树和灌木（IFTS）的DM、灰分、NDF、ADF、EE和CP含量总体平均值分别在90.49±0.94 - 93.32±0.58%、9.26±0.46 - 11.82±0.58%、45.29±.69 - 57.81±2.80%、34.70±0.48 - 36.90±1.99%、2.34±0.31 - 3.69±0.19%和8.12±.28 - 20.35±0.42%之间。总之，本土饲料树和灌木的粗蛋白含量较高，其次是天然牧草和作物残渣。建议补充所研究的本土饲料树和灌木，特别是在旱季天然牧草粗蛋白含量下降时，这至关重要。在经济可行的情况下对作物残渣进行尿素处理以提高其营养质量，对于提高研究区域及类似环境下的牲畜性能势在必行。
