Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan; Faculty of Sciences, El-Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.
Department of Immunogenetics, National Blood Transfusion Center, Tunis, Tunisia.
Gene. 2022 May 20;823:146386. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146386. Epub 2022 Mar 3.
Among the 125 ethnicities and linguistic groups in Kazakhstan, Koreans represent the eighth minority numerically. HLA class I and class II allele frequencies and extended haplotypes were studied for the first time and were compared to related and distant populations worldwide.
HLA class I (A, B, C) and class II (DRB1, DQB1) profile was investigated in Kazakhstani Koreans, and were compared to other populations using standard genetic distances (SGD), neighbor-joining dendrograms, correspondence, and haplotype analysis.
One hundred and thirty-one HLA alleles were identified in Koreans living in Kazakhstan, with A02:01 (23.08%), B35:01 (8.24%), C01:02 (15.38%), DRB108:03 (9.89%), and DQB103:01 (21.98%) being the most frequent alleles. A03:01 ∼ B07:02 (3.85%), B08:01 ∼ DRB103:01 (3.85%), B07:02 ∼ C07:02 (7.14%), and DRB108:03 ∼ DQB106:01 (9.34%) were the most frequent two-locus haplotypes, while A02:01 ∼ B18:01 ∼ C07:01 ∼ DRB111:04 ∼ DQB103:01 and A33:03 ∼ B44:03 ∼ C14:03 ∼ DRB113:02 ∼ DQB1*06:04 (2.2% each) were the most frequent five-locus haplotypes.
Korean minority in Kazakhstan was closely related to East Asians, including Mongolians (SGD, 0.044), Tuvans (East Siberia; SGD, 0.081), Burayts (Siberia; SGD, 0.094), but distant from East Mediterranean such as Lebanese (SGD, 0.367), Greek (SGD, 0.377), and Saudi (SGD, 0.414), and most Siberians (SGD, 0.473-0.699). This relatedness could be mainly attributed to massive migration of Koryo Saram to Kazakhstan in the 20th century.
在哈萨克斯坦的 125 个民族和语言群体中，朝鲜人在数量上排名第八。首次研究了哈萨克斯坦朝鲜人的 HLA Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类等位基因频率和扩展单倍型，并与全球相关和遥远的人群进行了比较。
对哈萨克斯坦朝鲜人的 HLAⅠ类（A、B、C）和Ⅱ类（DRB1、DQB1）进行了分析，并通过标准遗传距离（SGD）、邻接法树状图、对应分析和单倍型分析与其他人群进行了比较。
在哈萨克斯坦的朝鲜人中发现了 131 种 HLA 等位基因，其中 A02:01（23.08%）、B35:01（8.24%）、C01:02（15.38%）、DRB108:03（9.89%）和 DQB103:01（21.98%）是最常见的等位基因。A03:01B07:02（3.85%）、B08:01DRB103:01（3.85%）、B07:02C07:02（7.14%）和 DRB108:03DQB106:01（9.34%）是最常见的双等位基因单倍型，而 A02:01B*18:01C07:01~DRB111:04DQB103:01 和 A33:03B44:03~C14:03DRB1*13:02DQB1*06:04（各占 2.2%）是最常见的五等位基因单倍型。
哈萨克斯坦的朝鲜少数民族与东亚人密切相关，包括蒙古人（SGD，0.044）、图瓦人（东西伯利亚；SGD，0.081）、布里亚特人（西伯利亚；SGD，0.094），但与东地中海地区的黎巴嫩人（SGD，0.367）、希腊人（SGD，0.377）和沙特阿拉伯人（SGD，0.414）等地区相去甚远，与大多数西伯利亚人（SGD，0.473-0.699）也相去甚远。这种亲缘关系主要归因于 20 世纪朝鲜“高丽人”大规模迁移到哈萨克斯坦。
