Liu Pan, Tu Ji, Wang Wenzhao, Li Zheng, Li Yao, Yu Xiaoping, Zhang Zhengdong
School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022 Feb 17;10:830722. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.830722. eCollection 2022.
Osteoclasts and osteoblasts play a major role in bone tissue homeostasis. The homeostasis and integrity of bone tissue are maintained by ensuring a balance between osteoclastic and osteogenic activities. The remodeling of bone tissue is a continuous ongoing process. Osteoclasts mainly play a role in bone resorption, whereas osteoblasts are mainly involved in bone remodeling processes, such as bone cell formation, mineralization, and secretion. These cell types balance and restrict each other to maintain bone tissue metabolism. Bone tissue is very sensitive to mechanical stress stimulation. Unloading and loading of mechanical stress are closely related to the differentiation and formation of osteoclasts and bone resorption function as well as the differentiation and formation of osteoblasts and bone formation function. Consequently, mechanical stress exerts an important influence on the bone microenvironment and bone metabolism. This review focuses on the effects of different forms of mechanical stress stimulation (including gravity, continuously compressive pressure, tensile strain, and fluid shear stress) on osteoclast and osteoblast function and expression mechanism. This article highlights the involvement of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in activating different mechanical transduction pathways and reports changings in their differentiation, formation, and functional mechanism induced by the application of different types of mechanical stress to bone tissue. This review could provide new ideas for further microscopic studies of bone health, disease, and tissue damage reconstruction.
破骨细胞和成骨细胞在骨组织稳态中起主要作用。骨组织的稳态和完整性通过确保破骨细胞活性与成骨活性之间的平衡来维持。骨组织的重塑是一个持续不断的过程。破骨细胞主要在骨吸收中起作用，而成骨细胞主要参与骨重塑过程，如骨细胞形成、矿化和分泌。这些细胞类型相互平衡和制约，以维持骨组织代谢。骨组织对机械应力刺激非常敏感。机械应力的卸载和加载与破骨细胞的分化和形成以及骨吸收功能，以及成骨细胞的分化和形成以及骨形成功能密切相关。因此，机械应力对骨微环境和骨代谢有重要影响。本综述重点关注不同形式的机械应力刺激（包括重力、持续压缩压力、拉伸应变和流体剪切应力）对破骨细胞和成骨细胞功能及表达机制的影响。本文强调破骨细胞和成骨细胞参与激活不同的机械转导途径，并报道了对骨组织施加不同类型的机械应力后它们在分化、形成和功能机制方面的变化。本综述可为进一步微观研究骨健康、疾病和组织损伤重建提供新思路。
