Young-Wolff Kelly C, Adams Sara R, Brown Qiana L, Weisner Constance, Ansley Deborah, Goler Nancy, Skelton Kara R, Satre Derek D, Foti Tara R, Conway Amy
Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Addict Behav Rep. 2022 Feb 22;15:100416. doi: 10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100416. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Cannabis use among individuals before and during pregnancy is increasing alongside the proliferation of new products with various modes of administration. Preconception cannabis use is a strong predictor of prenatal cannabis use. Yet little is known about how individuals administer cannabis during the preconception period, particularly in socioeconomically vulnerable populations. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of modes of cannabis administration (smoke, vape, blunts, edible/oral, dabs/wax, lotion/topical) during the year before conception, among patients who self-reported preconception cannabis use during universal screening in prenatal care. Descriptive statistics included sociodemographic characteristics, preconception cannabis use frequency, and modes of administration. Chi-square tests examined whether mode was associated with sociodemographic characteristics and use frequency. The sample (N = 11,936, screened from February 2020-May 2021) was 59.8% non-White and 26.1% were < 26 years old; 50.7% reported monthly or less, 21.8% weekly, and 27.4% daily preconception cannabis use; 69.7% smoked (any method), 34.5% smoked blunts, 53.4% used edibles/oral, 28.2% vaped, 9.9% used lotion/topical; 54.2% reported 1 mode, 30.4% reported 2 modes, 15.4% reported 3+ modes. Smoking was more common among daily users, younger patients, those with greater neighborhood deprivation, and Black and Hispanic patients, while edibles/oral were more common among ≤ monthly users, older patients, those with less neighborhood deprivation, and Asian patients. Use of other modes also varied by sociodemographic characteristics and use frequency. Research is needed to understand preconception cannabis use in vulnerable subpopulations, continuation of use during pregnancy, and whether health risks associated with preconception and prenatal cannabis use differ by administration mode.
随着各种给药方式的新产品不断涌现，怀孕前及怀孕期间使用大麻的人数正在增加。怀孕前使用大麻是产前使用大麻的一个有力预测指标。然而，对于人们在怀孕前阶段如何使用大麻，尤其是社会经济弱势群体，我们知之甚少。本研究调查了在产前护理普遍筛查中自我报告怀孕前使用大麻的患者在怀孕前一年中大麻给药方式（吸烟、电子烟、大麻烟、食用/口服、浓缩大麻/蜡、乳液/外用）的患病率及其相关因素。描述性统计包括社会人口学特征、怀孕前使用大麻的频率和给药方式。卡方检验用于检验给药方式是否与社会人口学特征和使用频率相关。样本（N = 11936，于2020年2月至2021年5月进行筛查）中59.8%为非白人，26.1%年龄小于26岁；50.7%报告怀孕前每月或更少使用大麻，21.8%每周使用，27.4%每天使用；69.7%吸烟（任何方式），34.5%吸大麻烟，53.4%食用/口服，28.2%使用电子烟，9.9%使用乳液/外用；54.2%报告一种给药方式，30.4%报告两种给药方式，15.4%报告三种及以上给药方式。吸烟在每日使用者、年轻患者、邻里贫困程度较高者以及黑人和西班牙裔患者中更为常见，而食用/口服在每月或更少使用者、老年患者、邻里贫困程度较低者以及亚洲患者中更为常见。其他给药方式的使用也因社会人口学特征和使用频率而异。需要开展研究以了解弱势群体怀孕前使用大麻的情况、孕期是否持续使用，以及怀孕前和产前使用大麻的健康风险是否因给药方式而异。
