Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Adv Biol Regul. 2022 May;84:100890. doi: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100890. Epub 2022 Feb 26.
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a critical subset of CD4 T cells that modulate the immune response to prevent autoimmunity and chronic inflammation. CARD11, a signaling hub and scaffold protein that links antigen receptor engagement to activation of NF-κB and other downstream signaling pathways, is essential for the development and function of thymic Tregs. Mouse models with deficiencies in CARD11 and CARD11-associated signaling components generally have Treg defects, but some mouse models develop overt autoimmunity and inflammatory disease whereas others do not. Inhibition of CARD11 signaling in Tregs within the tumor microenvironment can potentially promote anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we summarize evidence for the involvement of CARD11 signaling in Treg development and function and discuss key unanswered questions and future research opportunities.
调节性 T 细胞(Tregs)是 CD4 T 细胞的一个关键亚群,可调节免疫反应,防止自身免疫和慢性炎症。CARD11 是一种信号枢纽和支架蛋白,可将抗原受体的结合与 NF-κB 和其他下游信号通路的激活联系起来,对于胸腺 Tregs 的发育和功能至关重要。CARD11 缺陷和 CARD11 相关信号成分的小鼠模型通常存在 Treg 缺陷,但有些小鼠模型会发展为明显的自身免疫和炎症性疾病,而有些则不会。在肿瘤微环境中抑制 Tregs 中的 CARD11 信号可能会促进抗肿瘤免疫。在这篇综述中,我们总结了 CARD11 信号在 Treg 发育和功能中的作用的证据,并讨论了关键的未解决问题和未来的研究机会。