Research Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Immunology (RIFCI), Novosibirsk, Russia.
Front Immunol. 2020 Jan 14;10:3100. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03100. eCollection 2019.
T-regulatory cells (Tregs) represent a unique subpopulation of helper T-cells by maintaining immune equilibrium using various mechanisms. The role of T-cell receptors (TCR) in providing homeostasis and activation of conventional T-cells is well-known; however, for Tregs, this area is understudied. In the last two decades, evidence has accumulated to confirm the importance of the TCR in Treg homeostasis and antigen-specific immune response regulation. In this review, we describe the current view of Treg subset heterogeneity, homeostasis and function in the context of TCR involvement. Recent studies of the TCR repertoire of Tregs, combined with single-cell gene expression analysis, revealed the importance of TCR specificity in shaping Treg phenotype diversity, their functions and homeostatic maintenance in various tissues. We propose that Tregs, like conventional T-helper cells, act to a great extent in an antigen-specific manner, which is provided by a specific distribution of Tregs in niches.
调节性 T 细胞（Tregs）通过多种机制维持免疫平衡，代表了辅助性 T 细胞的一个独特亚群。T 细胞受体（TCR）在提供常规 T 细胞的稳态和激活方面的作用是众所周知的；然而，对于 Tregs，这方面的研究还很有限。在过去的二十年中，有证据表明 TCR 在 Treg 稳态和抗原特异性免疫反应调节中的重要性。在这篇综述中，我们描述了 TCR 参与下 Treg 亚群异质性、稳态和功能的最新观点。最近对 Treg 的 TCR 库的研究，结合单细胞基因表达分析，揭示了 TCR 特异性在塑造 Treg 表型多样性、它们在各种组织中的功能和稳态维持中的重要性。我们提出，Tregs 与常规辅助性 T 细胞一样，在很大程度上以抗原特异性的方式发挥作用，这是由 Tregs 在龛位中的特异性分布提供的。
