Inheritance and QTL Mapping for Flower Color in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is an outcross-pollinated plant with diverse flower colors, ranging from white to purple. To clarify the genetic basis of S. miltiorrhiza flower color, we crossed white-flowered S. miltiorrhiza f. alba with dark violet-flowered S. miltiorrhiza, and selfed F1 to obtain an F2 population. The RGB color system was used to describe the flower color of the parents, F1 progeny, and F2 individuals. Afterward, we used genotyping-by-sequencing technology to construct a high-density linkage map of S. miltiorrhiza based on the F2 population. Finally, the linkage map was used to locate the QTLs of the genes that control flower color in S. miltiorrhiza. Through measurement and cluster analysis of the R, G, and B values of flowers from the parents, F1, and F2 individuals, it was found that the purple flower color of S. miltiorrhiza is a quantitative trait controlled by 2 loci of major genes. The genetic map contained 605 SNPs with a total length of 738.3 cM in 8 linkage groups (LGs), and the average distance between 2 markers was 1.22 cM. Based on the constructed genetic map and the flower R, G, B, and R+G+B values, 2 QTLs were detected for flower color, located on LG4 and LG5. The results of this study lay the foundation for cloning genes that control flower color and studying the molecular mechanism of flower color regulation in S. miltiorrhiza.