Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271028, Shandong, China.
State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271028, Shandong, China.
Planta. 2022 Jun 21;256(1):15. doi: 10.1007/s00425-022-03921-3.
SmANS deletion leads to white flower mutation in Salvia miltiorrhiza. SmANS deletion leads to white flower mutation in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Abstract Salvia miltiorrhiza is an essential traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with purple flowers, and S. miltiorrhiza Bge. f. alba is a unique intraspecific variation with white flowers. The molecular mechanism of flower color formation in S. miltiorrhiza will provide vital information for the variation and evolution. Here, we performed HPLC, transcriptomic, and re-sequencing analyses of purple-flowered S. miltiorrhiza line 'Zihua105' (ZH105) and white-flowered S. miltiorrhiza Bge. f. alba line 'Baihua18' (BH18). Delphinidin was the most anthocyanidin in ZH105, which become the main different between ZH105 vs. BH18 flowers. Transcriptome analysis revealed 299 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). SmANS, the anthocyanidin synthase gene in the down-stream anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, was significantly expressed in ZH105 corollas, suggesting it might play a key role in white petal formation. Whole-genome re-sequencing revealed that a 6.75 kb segment located on chromosome 5, which contains the complete sequence of the SmANS genes, was lost in BH18 and another S. miltiorrhiza Bge. f. alba line. In contrast, the other five purple-flowered S. miltiorrhiza lines both possessed this segment. Further molecular marker identification also confirmed that wild S. miltiorrhiza Bge. f. alba lines lost regions that contained a complete or important part of SmANS sequences. Subsequently, the research showed that the deletion mutant of SmANS genes resulted in the natural white flower color variant of S. miltiorrhiza.
丹参 SmANS 缺失导致丹参花突变为白花。摘要丹参是一种重要的传统中药，花呈紫色，而丹参 Bge. f. alba 是一种独特的种内变异，花呈白色。丹参花颜色形成的分子机制将为其变异和进化提供重要信息。本研究对紫花丹参品系‘紫花 105'（ZH105）和白花丹参 Bge. f. alba 品系‘白花 18'（BH18）进行了高效液相色谱、转录组和重测序分析。ZH105 中的飞燕草素是最主要的类黄酮，这是 ZH105 与 BH18 花之间的主要区别。转录组分析显示有 299 个差异表达基因（DEGs）。SmANS 是下游类黄酮生物合成途径中的花青素合酶基因，在 ZH105 花瓣中表达量较高，表明其可能在白花花瓣形成中发挥关键作用。全基因组重测序发现，第 5 号染色体上的一个 6.75kb 片段，包含完整的 SmANS 基因序列，在 BH18 和另一个丹参 Bge. f. alba 品系中缺失。相比之下，其他五个紫花丹参品系都具有该片段。进一步的分子标记鉴定也证实了野生丹参 Bge. f. alba 品系丢失了含有完整或重要 SmANS 序列的区域。随后的研究表明，SmANS 基因缺失突变导致了丹参的自然白花花色变异。
