Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá. Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
15th Health Region, Secretary of Health of the State of Paraná, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
Exp Parasitol. 2022 May-Jun;236-237:108244. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108244. Epub 2022 Mar 6.
Tegumentary leishmaniasis is an endemic disease that urgently needs new and effective treatments. L. amazonensis is one of the main species involved in the transmission of this infectious and non-contagious disease. The currently available treatments for leishmaniasis have high toxicity and vary in efficacy. Natural compounds have been used as alternative therapies for various other diseases, often presenting excellent results with little or no adverse reaction. Cinnamaldehyde is the primary compound of essential oil from cinnamon bark; it is used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, as shown in the literature. As far as we know, no studies have evaluated cinnamaldehyde activity against L. amazonensis. In this context, we investigated the anti-Leishmania potential of cinnamaldehyde against promastigote and amastigote forms of L. amazonensis; cytotoxicity in erythrocytes, HaCat cells, and macrophages J774A.1; and its ability to stimulate nitric oxide. Cinnamaldehyde showed anti-Leishmania activity, with an average IC of approximately 212 μM against promastigote forms of L. amazonensis (three study periods: 24, 48, and 72 h) and an IC of 398.06 ± 42.10 μM against amastigote forms of L. amazonensis. Considerable toxicities to human erythrocytes and HaCat cells were not recorded from treatments with 4000 μM and 1000 μM of cinnamaldehyde, respectively. However, we recorded cytotoxicity with J774A.1 macrophages (0.48-1000 μM), which resulted in a low therapeutic selectivity index. The compound did not alter the production of nitric oxide in the cells evaluated. Overall, we observed that cinnamaldehyde showed anti-Leishmania activity and moderate toxicity. We encourage further research into the use of cinnamaldehyde to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis.
皮肤利什曼病是一种地方性疾病，迫切需要新的有效治疗方法。L. amazonensis 是传播这种传染性和非传染性疾病的主要物种之一。目前用于治疗利什曼病的方法毒性高，疗效不一。天然化合物已被用作治疗各种其他疾病的替代疗法，通常具有出色的效果，不良反应很少或没有。肉桂醛是肉桂树皮精油的主要化合物；由于其具有抗菌和抗炎作用，文献中表明它在化妆品、制药和食品工业中都有使用。据我们所知，尚无研究评估肉桂醛对 L. amazonensis 的活性。在这种情况下，我们研究了肉桂醛对 L. amazonensis 前鞭毛体和无鞭毛体形式的抗利什曼原虫潜力；对红细胞、HaCat 细胞和巨噬细胞 J774A.1 的细胞毒性；以及刺激一氧化氮的能力。肉桂醛对 L. amazonensis 具有抗利什曼原虫活性，对 L. amazonensis 的前鞭毛体形式的平均 IC 约为 212μM（三个研究期：24、48 和 72 小时），对 L. amazonensis 的无鞭毛体形式的 IC 为 398.06±42.10μM。用 4000μM 和 1000μM 的肉桂醛处理时，分别未记录到人红细胞和 HaCat 细胞的明显毒性。然而，我们记录了 J774A.1 巨噬细胞（0.48-1000μM）的细胞毒性，这导致治疗的选择性指数较低。该化合物未改变所评估细胞中一氧化氮的产生。总的来说，我们观察到肉桂醛表现出抗利什曼原虫活性和中等毒性。我们鼓励进一步研究肉桂醛在治疗皮肤利什曼病中的应用。
