School of Psychology, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
Department of Allergy and Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022 Jun;10(6):1527-1533.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.02.023. Epub 2022 Mar 5.
Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can have a detrimental impact on quality of life (QoL). There are no validated scales to measure the impact of anaphylaxis on QoL of adults.
The aim of this study was to develop and assess the reliability and validity of a QoL scale for adults with anaphylaxis (Anaphylaxis Quality of Life Scale for Adults [A-QoL-Adults]).
All participants were recruited from a specialist allergy clinic and had a confirmed diagnosis of anaphylaxis (as per the World Allergy Organization diagnostic criteria) to food, drugs, venom, or latex or had spontaneous anaphylaxis. Interviews were conducted with 13 adults; data were analyzed using thematic analysis to extract items for a QoL scale. A prototype QoL scale was then completed by 115 participants alongside validated scales to measure generic QoL (World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale [Brief Version] [WHOQoL BREF]), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), and stress (Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]).
The A-QoL-Adults scale has 21 items demonstrating excellent internal reliability (Cronbach α = 0.96). Factor analysis produced 3 subscales: Emotional Impact; Social Impact; and Limitations on Life. Each has excellent internal reliability (0.92, 0.92, and 0.91, respectively). Poorer anaphylaxis-related QoL (total A-QoL-Adults score and subscale scores) correlated significantly with poorer general QoL and greater anxiety, depression, and stress (all P < .01 with medium-to-large effect sizes).
The A-QoL-Adults scale is a reliable measure of QoL in adults with anaphylaxis and shows good construct validity. It will offer health care professionals a means to further understand the impact of anaphylaxis on adult patients and could help direct and monitor allergy management and the need for further psychological intervention.
过敏反应是一种严重且可能危及生命的过敏反应，会对生活质量（QoL）产生不利影响。目前尚无经过验证的量表来衡量过敏反应对成年人生活质量的影响。
本研究旨在开发和评估一种用于测量过敏反应成年人生活质量的量表（过敏反应成年人生活质量量表[A-QoL-Adults]）的可靠性和有效性。
所有参与者均从过敏专科诊所招募，且确诊为食物、药物、毒液、乳胶过敏（根据世界过敏组织的诊断标准）或有自发性过敏反应。对 13 名成年人进行了访谈；采用主题分析法对数据进行分析，以提取生活质量量表的项目。然后，115 名参与者完成了生活质量量表的原型，同时还完成了用于测量一般生活质量（世界卫生组织生活质量量表[简短版][WHOQoL BREF]）、焦虑和抑郁（医院焦虑和抑郁量表[HADS]）和压力（感知压力量表[PSS]）的有效量表。
A-QoL-Adults 量表有 21 个项目，具有极好的内部可靠性（Cronbach α=0.96）。因子分析产生了 3 个亚量表：情绪影响；社会影响；生活限制。每个亚量表的内部可靠性都极好（分别为 0.92、0.92 和 0.91）。较差的过敏反应相关生活质量（A-QoL-Adults 量表总分和亚量表得分）与较差的一般生活质量和更高的焦虑、抑郁和压力显著相关（所有 P<0.01，具有中到大的效应量）。
A-QoL-Adults 量表是测量过敏反应成年人生活质量的可靠工具，具有良好的结构效度。它将为医疗保健专业人员提供一种进一步了解过敏反应对成年患者影响的方法，并有助于指导和监测过敏管理以及是否需要进一步的心理干预。
