Design and Assessment of Telepharmacy and Telehealth Training in Two Pharmacy Programs.

To develop and assess the impact of a learning module through the evaluation of students' knowledge of, perceptions of, and intent to provide telepharmacy and telehealth services. Second- and third-year students from two schools of pharmacy completed a telepharmacy and telehealth learning module and discussion questions. A postsurvey measured their knowledge, perceptions of, and intent to provide remote services. Students scored an average of 94.8% on a post-knowledge assessment. The theory of planned behavior was used to develop a survey measuring intent to provide remote services. Mean scores (1=strongly disagree to 4=strongly agree) were attitude (mean=3.18, SD=0.36), subjective norm (mean=3.02, SD=0.43), behavioral control (mean=2.67, SD=0.41), and intent (mean=2.63, SD=0.59). Thematic analysis of discussion question responses found that students felt the delivery and quality of care was similar between in-person and remote care. Students felt that differences with face-to-face care included technology use and troubleshooting, perceived difficulty in building relationships, and, finally, the inability to provide device training, medication show-and-tell, and physical examinations. They felt telehealth services would expand in the next five years due to increased access, convenience, and cost savings. Upon completion of a learning module, students were knowledgeable about telepharmacy and telehealth. Students agreed that remote services positively impact patient care and would be well received by patients and providers. Students had lower intent to offer remote services upon graduation; thus, simulations and service management information should be added to curricula to prepare students for and develop student interest in telepharmacy and telehealth.