Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 3-29-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, 112-0012, Japan.
Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage Ward, Chiba City, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2022 Mar 8;12(1):3791. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07688-1.
This study aimed to identify factors associated with engaging in sports and exercise volunteering among older adults. We used cross-sectional data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES), a nationwide mail survey of 20,877 older adults from 60 municipalities. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the correlation between engaging in sports and exercise volunteering and 39 variables classified into five factors: (1) demographic and biological, (2) behavioral, (3) psychological, cognitive, and emotional, (4) social and cultural, and (5) environmental factors. Among the analyzed samples, 1580 (7.6%) participants volunteered a few times/year or more often. Factors that showed positive association with the volunteering were older age, a current drinking habit, excellent self-rated health, high proportion of sports group participants in a living area, low municipal population density, and rich social and cultural features (i.e., social cohesion, support, network, and participation). Meanwhile, those that had a negative association were women, low level of education, deteriorated instrumental activities of daily living, having a past or current smoking habit, poor self-rated health, and depressive symptoms. We clarified the characteristics of the population that is more likely to participate in sports and exercise volunteering as well as those of the population that is less likely to participate and requires support.
本研究旨在确定与老年人参与体育和运动志愿服务相关的因素。我们使用了来自日本老年评估研究（JAGES）的横断面数据，这是一项针对 60 个市町村的 20877 名老年人的全国性邮件调查。采用多水平混合效应逻辑回归分析，研究了参与体育和运动志愿服务与 39 个变量之间的相关性，这些变量分为五个因素：（1）人口统计学和生物学因素；（2）行为因素；（3）心理、认知和情感因素；（4）社会和文化因素；（5）环境因素。在分析的样本中，有 1580 名（7.6%）参与者每年或更频繁地参与几次志愿服务。与志愿服务呈正相关的因素包括年龄较大、目前有饮酒习惯、自我评估健康状况良好、居住地区体育团体参与者比例较高、城市人口密度较低以及社会文化特征丰富（即社会凝聚力、支持、网络和参与）。相反，女性、教育程度较低、日常生活活动能力下降、有过去或现在的吸烟习惯、自我评估健康状况较差和抑郁症状与志愿服务呈负相关。我们明确了更有可能参与体育和运动志愿服务的人群特征，以及不太可能参与且需要支持的人群特征。
