日本老年人定期参加体育团体的相关因素：日本老年学和老年医学学会横断面研究
Correlates of Regular Participation in Sports Groups among Japanese Older Adults: JAGES Cross-Sectional Study.
作者信息
Yamakita Mitsuya, Kanamori Satoru, Kondo Naoki, Kondo Katsunori
机构信息
College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan.
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Human Resource Management Department, ITOCHU Techno-Solutions Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2015 Oct 29;10(10):e0141638. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141638. eCollection 2015.
BACKGROUND
Participation in a sports group is key for the prevention of incident functional disability. Little is known about the correlates of older adults' participation in sports groups, although this could assist with the development of effective health strategies. The purpose of this study was to identify the demographic and biological, psychosocial, behavioral, social and cultural, and environmental correlates of sports group participation among Japanese older adults.
METHODS
Data were obtained from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation study, which was a population-based cohort of people aged ≥65 years without disability enrolled from 31 municipalities across Japan (n = 78,002). Poisson regression analysis was used to determine the associations between the factors and participation in sports groups.
RESULTS
Non-regular participation in sports groups was associated with lower educational level, being employed, and working the longest in the agricultural/forestry/fishery industry among the demographic and biological factors and poor self-rated health and depression among the psychosocial factors. Of the behavioral factors, current smoking was negatively associated and current drinking was positively associated with regular participation in sports groups. Among the social and cultural factors, having emotional social support and participating in hobby clubs, senior citizen clubs, or volunteer groups were associated with a high prevalence of participation in sports groups. Perceptions of the presence of parks or sidewalks, good access to shops, and good accessibility to facilities were positively associated with participation in sports groups among the environmental factors.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study suggests that the promotion of activities that could increase older adults' participation in sports groups should consider a broad range of demographic and biological, psychosocial, behavioral, social and cultural, and environmental factors. Although future longitudinal studies to elucidate the causal associations are needed, encouraging participation in community groups through social networks might be effective for participation in sports groups.
背景
参加体育团体是预防功能性残疾的关键。尽管了解老年人参加体育团体的相关因素有助于制定有效的健康策略，但目前对此知之甚少。本研究旨在确定日本老年人参加体育团体的人口统计学、生物学、心理社会、行为、社会文化和环境相关因素。
方法
数据来自日本老年学评估研究，该研究是一项基于人群的队列研究，纳入了来自日本31个城市、年龄≥65岁且无残疾的人群（n = 78,002）。采用泊松回归分析来确定这些因素与参加体育团体之间的关联。
结果
在人口统计学和生物学因素中，非定期参加体育团体与教育水平较低、就业以及在农业/林业/渔业行业工作时间最长有关；在心理社会因素中，与自评健康状况较差和抑郁有关。在行为因素中，当前吸烟与定期参加体育团体呈负相关，而当前饮酒与定期参加体育团体呈正相关。在社会文化因素中，获得情感社会支持以及参加兴趣俱乐部、老年俱乐部或志愿者团体与参加体育团体的高患病率有关。在环境因素中，对公园或人行道的存在、到商店的便利性以及设施的可达性的认知与参加体育团体呈正相关。
结论
我们的研究表明，促进能增加老年人参加体育团体的活动应考虑广泛的人口统计学、生物学、心理社会、行为、社会文化和环境因素。尽管需要未来的纵向研究来阐明因果关联，但通过社交网络鼓励参与社区团体可能对参加体育团体有效。
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