Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego.
Animal Models Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2022 May;117(3):472-492. doi: 10.1002/jeab.746. Epub 2022 Mar 9.
Alcohol abuse remains one of the primary preventable sources of mortality in the United States. Model species can be used to evaluate behavioral and other biological changes associated with alcohol and to identify novel treatments. This report describes methods for evaluating the behavioral effects of ethanol (EtOH) in crayfish. Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) were immersed in ethanol concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 molar, for 10-30 min. Studies evaluated hemolymph alcohol concentration, locomotion in an open field and anxiety-like behavior using a Light/Dark transfer approach. EtOH immersion produced dose-dependent increases in hemolymph EtOH (up to 249 mg/dL) and reductions in open field locomotion that depended on EtOH concentration or exposure duration. Untreated crayfish exhibit avoidance of the open parts of the locomotor arena and a preference for a covered portion. Acute EtOH immersion decreased time spent in the covered portion of the Light/Dark arena, consistent with a decrease in anxiety-like behavior. Daily EtOH immersion for 5 days did not alter locomotor responses, however, activity was increased 3 days after the repeated EtOH regimen. Overall, this study shows that this inexpensive, easily maintained species can be used for behavioral pharmacological experiments designed to assess the acute and repeated effects of EtOH.
在美国，酗酒仍然是导致死亡的主要可预防原因之一。模式生物可用于评估与酒精相关的行为和其他生物学变化，并确定新的治疗方法。本报告介绍了评估螯虾乙醇（EtOH）行为效应的方法。将螯虾（Procambarus clarkii）浸入 0.1 至 1.0 摩尔的乙醇浓度中 10-30 分钟。研究评估了血淋巴乙醇浓度、在开阔场中的运动和使用明暗转移方法评估焦虑样行为。乙醇浸泡会导致血淋巴乙醇浓度（高达 249 毫克/分升）呈剂量依赖性增加，并且在开阔场中的运动减少，这取决于乙醇浓度或暴露持续时间。未经处理的螯虾表现出对运动场开阔部分的回避以及对覆盖部分的偏好。急性乙醇浸泡会减少在明暗场覆盖部分的时间，这与焦虑样行为减少一致。连续 5 天每日乙醇浸泡不会改变运动反应，但在重复乙醇方案后 3 天，活动增加。总体而言，这项研究表明，这种廉价、易于维持的物种可用于行为药理学实验，以评估 EtOH 的急性和重复作用。
