Soares Marta C, Banha Filipe, Cardoso Sónia C, Gama Mafalda, Xavier Raquel, Ribeiro Laura, Anastácio Pedro
Physiol Biochem Zool. 2022 May-Jun;95(3):265-277. doi: 10.1086/719857.
AbstractSeveral freshwater crayfish species, including , are both ecologically important and commercially important benthic macroinvertebrates, remarkable for their potential to adapt and reproduce but also for their unique abilities to face distinct abiotic and biotic environments and become successful invaders. While much work has been done to study crayfish introductions, less focus has been given to how crayfish cope with pollution and other environmental stressors, in terms of physiological responses, and whether crayfish responses can be used to assess the effective state of their living environment. Here, we used a mixed approach combining laboratory experiments with field data to validate the use of hemolymph glucose as a relevant biomarker of red swamp crayfish () stress response. Three meaningful sampling locations were chosen across southern Portugal that are representative of different environments where crayfish live and are frequently captured for human consumption but also correspond to different pollution levels. To reference field measurements of glucose levels, we performed two lab-based experiments: () crayfish were exposed to different levels of stress (stress challenge) and () crawfish were exposed to a maze dispersal test, with or without water. Crayfish glucose levels were responsive to induced stress but were not correlated with dispersal efforts. Wild crayfish's body condition and stress levels responded differently to environmental conditions, with more challenged individuals showing higher glycemia levels but similar body condition. The glucose levels of the more stressed wild crayfish were visually similar to lab-based crayfish subjected to the higher stress levels (electric shocks), while the levels of glucose of crayfish at the less polluted site corresponded to those measured before the start of the challenge (baseline). The maintenance of high levels of glycemia in crayfish inhabiting more challenging habitats is revealing of their higher energetic demand state. Since ia globally distributed and easily sampled invasive species, quantifying its hemolymph glucose levels can be a particularly useful proxy for assessing environmental quality.
摘要包括[具体物种名称未给出]在内的几种淡水小龙虾物种，是具有重要生态意义和商业价值的底栖大型无脊椎动物，它们以适应和繁殖能力强而著称，同时也因其面对不同非生物和生物环境并成为成功入侵者的独特能力而引人注目。虽然在研究小龙虾引入方面已经做了很多工作，但在小龙虾如何从生理反应角度应对污染和其他环境压力源，以及小龙虾的反应是否可用于评估其生存环境的有效状态方面，关注较少。在此，我们采用实验室实验与实地数据相结合的混合方法，来验证血淋巴葡萄糖作为红沼泽小龙虾（[具体物种名称未给出]）应激反应相关生物标志物的用途。在葡萄牙南部选择了三个有意义的采样地点，这些地点代表了小龙虾生活且常被捕获以供人类食用的不同环境，但也对应不同的污染水平。为了参考葡萄糖水平的实地测量结果，我们进行了两项基于实验室的实验：（1）将小龙虾暴露于不同程度的压力下（应激挑战）；（2）将小龙虾暴露于有或无水的迷宫扩散测试中。小龙虾的葡萄糖水平对应激有反应，但与扩散努力无关。野生小龙虾的身体状况和应激水平对环境条件的反应不同，受挑战更大的个体血糖水平更高，但身体状况相似。压力更大的野生小龙虾的葡萄糖水平在视觉上与遭受更高压力水平（电击）的实验室小龙虾相似，而污染较轻地点的小龙虾的葡萄糖水平与挑战开始前测量的水平（基线）相对应。生活在更具挑战性栖息地的小龙虾维持高水平血糖，表明它们处于更高的能量需求状态。由于[具体物种名称未给出]是全球分布且易于采样的入侵物种，量化其血淋巴葡萄糖水平可成为评估环境质量的特别有用指标。
