From the Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine (X.-Y.M., Q.-Y.L., J.-F.Z., J.-F.L., M.-Y.S., S.-Y.H., S.-F.Y., Y.-M.Z., H.-J.F.), Tianjin University; and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology (X.-Y.M., Q.-Y.L., J.-F.Z., J.-F.L., M.-Y.S., S.-Y.H., S.-F.Y., Y.-M.Z., H.-J.F.), Tianjin, China.
J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2022 Oct 1;93(4):530-537. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000003571. Epub 2022 Mar 7.
Primary blast lung injury (PBLI) is a major cause of death in military conflict and terrorist attacks on civilian populations. However, the mechanisms of PBLI are not well understood, and a standardized animal model is urgently needed. This study aimed to establish an animal model of PBLI for laboratory study.
The animal model of PBLI was established using a self-made mini shock tube simulation device. In brief, mice were randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the model group, the model group were suffered 0.5 bar shock pressures. Mice were sacrificed at 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours after injury. Lung tissue gross observation, hematoxylin and eosin staining and lung pathology scoring were performed to evaluated lung tissue damage. Evans blue dye leakage and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid examination were performed to evaluated pulmonary edema. The relative expression levels of inflammation factors were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis. The release of neutrophil extracellular traps was observed by immunofluorescence stain.
In the model group, the gross observation and hematoxylin and eosin staining assay showed the inflammatory cell infiltration, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, and damaged lung tissue structure. The Evans blue dye and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid examination revealed that the lung tissue permeability and edema was significantly increased after injury. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting assays showed that IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α were upregulated in the model group. Immunofluorescence assay showed that the level of neutrophil extracellular traps in the lung tissue increased significantly in the model group.
The self-made mini shock tube simulation device can be used to establish the animal model of PBLI successfully. Pathological changes of PBLI mice were characterized by mechanical damage and inflammatory response in lung tissue.
原发性爆震性肺损伤（PBLI）是军事冲突和针对平民的恐怖袭击中导致死亡的主要原因。然而，PBLI 的发病机制尚不清楚，迫切需要建立标准化的动物模型。本研究旨在建立 PBLI 的动物模型用于实验室研究。
使用自制的小型冲击波管模拟装置建立 PBLI 动物模型。简而言之，将小鼠随机分为两组：对照组和模型组，模型组遭受 0.5 巴冲击波压力。损伤后 2 小时、4 小时、6 小时、12 小时和 24 小时处死小鼠。进行肺组织大体观察、苏木精和伊红染色以及肺病理评分，以评估肺组织损伤。进行伊文思蓝染料渗漏和支气管肺泡灌洗检查，以评估肺水肿。通过实时定量聚合酶链反应和 Western blot 分析测量炎症因子的相对表达水平。通过免疫荧光染色观察中性粒细胞胞外陷阱的释放。
在模型组中，大体观察和苏木精和伊红染色显示炎症细胞浸润、肺泡内出血和受损的肺组织结构。伊文思蓝染料和支气管肺泡灌洗检查显示损伤后肺组织通透性和水肿明显增加。实时定量聚合酶链反应和 Western blot 分析显示模型组中 IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α 上调。免疫荧光染色显示模型组肺组织中中性粒细胞胞外陷阱的水平显著增加。
自制的小型冲击波管模拟装置可成功用于建立 PBLI 动物模型。PBLI 小鼠的病理变化表现为肺组织的机械损伤和炎症反应。
