Ramalho Manuela de O, Menino Leonardo, Souza Rodrigo F, Kayano Débora Y, Alves Juliana M C, Harakava Ricardo, Nagatani Victor H, Silva Otávio G M, Bueno Odair C, Morini Maria S C
Cornell University, Department of Entomology, Ithaca, USA.
Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil.
Genet Mol Biol. 2022 Mar 7;45(1):e20210120. doi: 10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2021-0120. eCollection 2022.
In South America, Solenopsis saevissima and S. invicta are the most common fire ants. Nests are founded in areas under anthropic interference like urban or rural areas, but S. invicta is found preferentially in those with the greatest anthropic interference. However, we do not know the rates at which they exist in anthropized areas next to high density of native vegetation. Areas with 60 to 90% of native Atlantic Forest were selected to verify the occurrence of both species in rural and urban areas. We investigated the molecular diversity and applied the reconstruction of the ancestral state analysis for each species. A total of 186 nests were analyzed and we found that the two species had the same proportion in the urban area. However, S. saevissima had a higher rate of prevalence in the rural area, in addition to having a greater number of haplotypes and ancestry associated with this type of habitat for the region. S. invicta had the same number of haplotypes in both rural and urban regions, and less haplotypic diversity. We conclude that S. saevissima is a species typically associated with rural areas and S. invicta, although present, is not dominant in urban areas.
在南美洲，凶猛火蚁（Solenopsis saevissima）和入侵红火蚁（S. invicta）是最常见的火蚁。蚁巢建立在受人类活动干扰的区域，如城市或农村地区，但入侵红火蚁更倾向于出现在受人类活动干扰最大的区域。然而，我们并不清楚它们在紧邻高密度原生植被的人为活动区域中的存在比例。我们选择了原生大西洋森林覆盖率为60%至90%的区域，以核实这两种火蚁在农村和城市地区的出现情况。我们调查了分子多样性，并对每个物种进行了祖先状态分析的重建。总共分析了186个蚁巢，我们发现这两种火蚁在城市地区的比例相同。然而，凶猛火蚁在农村地区的流行率更高，此外，与该地区这种栖息地相关的单倍型和祖先数量也更多。入侵红火蚁在农村和城市地区的单倍型数量相同，单倍型多样性较低。我们得出结论，凶猛火蚁是一种典型的与农村地区相关的物种，而入侵红火蚁虽然存在，但在城市地区并不占主导地位。
