Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam.
Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey.
Mini Rev Med Chem. 2022;22(14):1828-1846. doi: 10.2174/1389557522666220309140855.
One of the common clinical complications of diabetes is diabetic neuropathy affecting the nervous system. Painful diabetic neuropathy is widespread and highly prevalent. At least 50% of diabetes patients eventually develop diabetic neuropathy. The four main types of diabetic neuropathy are peripheral neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, proximal neuropathy (diabetic polyradiculopathy), and mononeuropathy (Focal neuropathy). Glucose control remains the common therapy for diabetic neuropathy due to limited knowledge on early biomarkers that are expressed during nerve damage, thereby limiting the cure through pharmacotherapy. Glucose control dramatically reduces the onset of neuropathy in type 1 diabetes but proves to be less effective in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the focus is on various herbal remedies for prevention and treatment. There is numerous research on the use of anticonvulsants and antidepressants for the management of pain in diabetic neuropathy. Extensive research is being conducted on natural products, including the isolation of pure compounds like flavonoids from plants and their effect on diabetic neuropathy. This review focuses on the use of important flavonoids such as flavanols (e.g., quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin), flavanones (e.g., hesperidin, naringenin and class eriodictyol), and flavones (e.g., apigenin, luteolin, tangeretin, chrysin, and diosmin) for the prevention and treatment of diabetic neuropathy. The mechanisms of action of flavonoids against diabetic neuropathy by their antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-glycation properties, etc., are also covered in this review article.
糖尿病的常见临床并发症之一是影响神经系统的糖尿病性神经病。痛性糖尿病性神经病分布广泛且患病率很高。至少有 50%的糖尿病患者最终会发展为糖尿病性神经病。糖尿病性神经病的四种主要类型是周围神经病、自主神经病、近端神经病（糖尿病多发性神经病）和单神经病（局灶性神经病）。由于对神经损伤过程中表达的早期生物标志物知之甚少，因此葡萄糖控制仍然是糖尿病性神经病的常见治疗方法，从而限制了通过药物治疗进行治愈。葡萄糖控制可显著降低 1 型糖尿病患者神经病的发病风险，但在 2 型糖尿病中效果较差。因此，重点是预防和治疗各种草药疗法。有大量关于使用抗惊厥药和抗抑郁药来治疗糖尿病性神经病疼痛的研究。目前正在对天然产物进行广泛研究，包括从植物中分离出黄酮类等纯化合物及其对糖尿病性神经病的影响。这篇综述重点介绍了重要的黄酮类化合物的用途，如黄烷醇（如槲皮素、芦丁、山奈酚和异鼠李素）、黄烷酮（如橙皮苷、柚皮苷和橘皮苷）和黄酮（如芹菜素、木犀草素、桔皮素、白杨素和地奥司明），用于预防和治疗糖尿病性神经病。本文还介绍了黄酮类化合物通过抗氧化、抗炎、抗糖基化等作用防治糖尿病性神经病的作用机制。
