Institute of Pathology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.
Eur Respir Rev. 2022 Mar 9;31(163). doi: 10.1183/16000617.0251-2021. Print 2022 Mar 31.
Children's interstitial lung disease (chILD) encompasses a wide and heterogeneous spectrum of diseases substantially different from that of adults. Established classification systems divide chILD into conditions more prevalent in infancy and other conditions occurring at any age. This categorisation is based on a multidisciplinary approach including clinical, radiological, genetic and histological findings. The diagnostic evaluation may include lung biopsies if other diagnostic approaches failed to identify a precise chILD entity, or if severe or refractory respiratory distress of unknown cause is present. As the majority of children will be evaluated and diagnosed outside of specialist centres, this review summarises relevant clinical, genetic and histological findings of chILD to provide assistance in clinical assessment and rational diagnostics.
儿童间质性肺病（chILD）包含广泛而不同的疾病谱，与成人有很大的不同。已建立的分类系统将 chILD 分为在婴儿期更常见的疾病和任何年龄发生的其他疾病。这种分类是基于多学科方法，包括临床、放射学、遗传学和组织学发现。如果其他诊断方法未能确定明确的 chILD 实体，或者存在原因不明的严重或难治性呼吸窘迫，则可能需要进行肺活检。由于大多数儿童将在专科中心之外进行评估和诊断，因此本文综述了 chILD 的相关临床、遗传和组织学发现，以协助临床评估和合理诊断。
