Hu Jingchu, Huang Yiting, Liu Jiayu, Zheng Zhiying, Xu Xiuhua, Zhou Yunfei, Wang Jianhong
Department of Anxiety Disorders, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Illness, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Illness, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Feb 21;13:828379. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.828379. eCollection 2022.
COVID-19 outbreak have a long-term negative impact on mental health. Meanwhile, it may also provide opportunities for positive outcomes (e.g., post-traumatic growth). Resilience and social support could serve as psychological resources to protect individuals against the detrimental effects of the COVID-19 crisis and enable people to develop positive changes during challenging times.
By testing the roles of resilience and social support in the relationship between COVID-19 related stress and negative mental health outcomes (depression and anxiety), as well as the relationship between COVID-19 related stress and positive mental health outcomes (post-traumatic growth, PTG), this study aimed to investigate the psychological mechanisms involved in different mental health outcomes induced by COVID-19.
An online survey was conducted 1 year after the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak (from April to August 2021) in China. The survey includes demographic questionnaires and six scales: the Impact of Event Scale-Revised for COVID-19 (IES-RC), the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). The structural equation model (SEM) was used to evaluate the relations and mechanisms between COVID-19 related stress and resilience, social support in depression, anxiety, and PTG.
A total of 771 Chinese subjects completed the questionnaire, including 416 (54%) females. COVID-19 related stress was associated with anxiety ( < 0.001), PTG ( < 0.001), and depression ( < 0.001). Resilience was related to depression ( < 0.001), anxiety ( < 0.001), and PTG ( < 0.001). Social support was associated with depression ( < 0.001), anxiety ( < 0.001), and PTG ( < 0.001). Under SEM analysis, resilience mediated the effects of COVID-19 related stress on depression and post-traumatic growth. Social support mediated the impacts of COVID-19 related stress on post-traumatic growth, depression, and anxiety. The path coefficients of the mediation effects were statistically significant.
The current findings suggest that COVID-19 related stress has a double-edged effect on mental health. Depression, anxiety, and PTG coexist in Chinese individuals 1 year after the peak of the pandemic. Resilience and social support serve as important protective factors of mental health, safeguard people from the negative mental health outcomes of the COVID-19, and promote PTG.
新冠疫情对心理健康有长期负面影响。同时，它也可能带来积极结果的机会（如创伤后成长）。心理韧性和社会支持可作为心理资源，保护个体免受新冠危机的有害影响，并使人们在充满挑战的时期实现积极改变。
通过检验心理韧性和社会支持在新冠相关应激与负面心理健康结果（抑郁和焦虑）之间的关系，以及在新冠相关应激与正面心理健康结果（创伤后成长，PTG）之间的关系，本研究旨在探究新冠疫情引发的不同心理健康结果所涉及的心理机制。
在新冠疫情高峰过去1年后（2021年4月至8月）在中国进行了一项在线调查。该调查包括人口统计学问卷和六个量表：新冠疫情事件影响量表修订版（IES-RC）、10项Connor-Davidson心理韧性量表（CD-RISC-10）、领悟社会支持量表（PSSS）、流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）、广泛性焦虑障碍量表（GAD-7）和创伤后成长问卷（PTGI）。采用结构方程模型（SEM）评估新冠相关应激与心理韧性、社会支持在抑郁、焦虑和创伤后成长方面的关系及机制。
共有771名中国受试者完成了问卷，其中女性416名（54%）。新冠相关应激与焦虑（<0.001）、创伤后成长（<0.001）和抑郁（<0.001）相关。心理韧性与抑郁（<0.001）、焦虑（<0.001）和创伤后成长（<0.001）相关。社会支持与抑郁（<0.001）、焦虑（<0.001）和创伤后成长（<0.001）相关。在结构方程模型分析中，心理韧性介导了新冠相关应激对抑郁和创伤后成长的影响。社会支持介导了新冠相关应激对创伤后成长、抑郁和焦虑的影响。中介效应的路径系数具有统计学意义。
当前研究结果表明，新冠相关应激对心理健康具有双刃剑效应。在疫情高峰过去1年后的中国人群中，抑郁、焦虑和创伤后成长同时存在。心理韧性和社会支持是心理健康的重要保护因素，可保护人们免受新冠疫情带来的负面心理健康结果，并促进创伤后成长。
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