School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
Center for Optometry and Visual Science, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2022 Apr 5;13(1):2055294. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2022.2055294. eCollection 2022.
Pre-hospitalisation, hospitalisation and post-hospitalisation factors may significantly affect depression, anxiety and post-traumatic growth (PTG) among COVID-19 survivors.
Our study investigated depression, anxiety and PTG and their correlates among COVID-19 survivors.
A cross-sectional telephone survey recruited 199 COVID-19 patients (Mean age = 42.7; 53.3% females) at six-month follow-up after hospital discharge in five Chinese cities (i.e. Wuhan, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Dongguan and Nanning). Their demographic information, clinical records and experiences during (e.g. severity of covid-19 symptoms, treatment and exposure to other patients' suffering) and after hospitalisation (e.g. perceived impact of covid-19, somatic symptoms after hospitalisation), and psychosocial factors (e.g. perceived discrimination, self-stigma, affiliate stigma, resilience and social support) were investigated. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD-7) scale, respectively. PTG was examined by the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) instrument.
The proportion of depressive symptoms <5, ≥5 and <10, ≥10 were 76.9%, 12.0% and 11.1%, respectively. The proportion of anxiety symptoms <5, ≥5 and <10, ≥10 were 77.4%, 15.1% and 7.5%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that receiving mental health care services during hospitalisation, somatic symptoms after discharge, perceived affiliate stigma and perceived impact of being infected with COVID-19 were significantly and positively associated with probable depression. Significant correlates of probable anxiety also included permanent residents of the city, somatic symptoms after discharge, perceived impact of being infected with COVID-19 and self-stigma. Social support, self-stigma and receiving mental health care services during hospitalisation were positively associated with PTG. The results suggest that post-hospitalisation and psychosocial factors had relatively stronger associations with depression, anxiety and PTG than pre-hospitalisation and hospitalisation factors. Promoting social support and social inclusion may be useful strategies to improve the mental health of COVID-19 survivors.
• Post-hospitalisation and psychosocial factors had relatively stronger associations with depression, anxiety and PTG than pre-hospitalisation and hospitalisation factors, promoting social support and social inclusion may be useful strategies to improve mental health of COVID-19 survivors.
在 COVID-19 幸存者中，院前、住院和院后因素可能会显著影响抑郁、焦虑和创伤后成长（PTG）。
本研究调查了 COVID-19 幸存者的抑郁、焦虑和 PTG 及其相关性。
采用横断面电话调查，在出院后 6 个月内，在中国五个城市（武汉、深圳、珠海、东莞和南宁）招募了 199 名 COVID-19 患者（平均年龄为 42.7 岁；53.3%为女性）。调查了他们的人口统计学信息、临床记录和住院期间（如 COVID-19 症状的严重程度、治疗和接触其他患者的痛苦）和住院后（如 COVID-19 的感知影响、住院后的躯体症状）的经历，以及心理社会因素（如感知歧视、自我污名化、附属污名化、适应力和社会支持）。使用患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）和广泛性焦虑障碍（GAD-7）量表分别测量抑郁和焦虑症状。使用创伤后成长量表（PTGI）评估创伤后成长。
抑郁症状<5、≥5 和<10、≥10 的比例分别为 76.9%、12.0%和 11.1%。焦虑症状<5、≥5 和<10、≥10 的比例分别为 77.4%、15.1%和 7.5%。多变量逻辑回归显示，住院期间接受心理健康服务、出院后躯体症状、感知附属污名和感染 COVID-19 的感知影响与可能的抑郁显著正相关。可能的焦虑症的显著相关因素还包括城市常住居民、出院后躯体症状、感染 COVID-19 的感知影响和自我污名化。社会支持、自我污名化和住院期间接受心理健康服务与 PTG 呈正相关。结果表明，与院前和住院因素相比，院后和心理社会因素与抑郁、焦虑和 PTG 的关联更强。促进社会支持和社会包容可能是改善 COVID-19 幸存者心理健康的有用策略。
•与院前和住院因素相比，院后和心理社会因素与抑郁、焦虑和 PTG 的关联更强，促进社会支持和社会包容可能是改善 COVID-19 幸存者心理健康的有用策略。
