Sarna Krishan, Kamau Martin, Sonigra Khushboo Jayant, Amuti Thomas
Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi, Kenya.
Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr. 2022 Mar;15(1):4-11. doi: 10.1177/1943387520983109. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
Descriptive cross-sectional study.
To determine the variations in origin of the LA and its relationship to surgical landmarks.
The Lingual artery (LA) is a branch of the External Carotid Artery (ECA) that constitutes the principal supply to structures within the oral cavity and floor of the mouth. Knowledge of its variant anatomy is therefore vital during radiological and surgical procedures performed in the head and neck region since they may predispose it and other branches of the ECA to iatrogenic injury. There is, however, a dearth of regional data on the same.
A total of 70 LA dissections were performed bilaterally on 35 human cadavers. The borders of the carotid triangle were identified after which the external carotid artery and its branches were exposed. The pattern of origin and the diameter of the LA was noted and distances from its origin to the CB, GCHB and the HN were measured. Similar measurements were carried out for any variant trunks. Data was collected and analyzed using SPSS (IBM version 27). A paired t-test was used to compare side differences. Representative photos of the vessel and its variations were taken.
The LA was found to be present in all cadavers dissected and was bilaterally symmetrical in 43% of cases. Four (4) types of branching patterns were encountered in the present study, the most commonly observed being the solitary LA followed by the LFT, TLT and finally the TLFT. The average diameter was least in the solitary pattern and greatest in the TLT. In relation to the CB, the solitary LA originated at a distance of 1.51 ± 0.89 cm while the LFT, TLT and TLFT originated at a distance of 1.80 ± 0.73 cm, 1.02 ± 0.64 cm and 1.25 ± 0.01 cm respectively from the CB. The mean distance from the origin of the LA to the GCHB was least in the TLT and greatest in the TLFT. With reference to the hypoglossal nerve, the LA was at an average, 0.82 ± 0.15 cm from the HN for the solitary pattern, 1.34 ± 0.86 cm for the LFT, 1.34 ± 0.90 cm for the TLT and 1.38 ± 0.93 cm for the TLFT.
The LA in the Kenyan population exhibited a high frequency of variation in comparison to other populations regarding its pattern of origin and relationship to landmarks such as the CB, GCHB and HN. These findings may provide further insight into the understanding of the vascular anatomy to the radiologist and the surgeon to avert complications and improve overall treatment outcome.
描述性横断面研究。
确定舌动脉（LA）的起源变异及其与手术标志的关系。
舌动脉是颈外动脉（ECA）的一个分支，是口腔和口底结构的主要供血动脉。因此，了解其变异解剖结构在头颈部进行放射学和外科手术时至关重要，因为这些变异可能使其及ECA的其他分支易受医源性损伤。然而，关于这方面的区域数据却很匮乏。
对35具人类尸体双侧进行了共70次舌动脉解剖。确定颈动脉三角的边界后，暴露颈外动脉及其分支。记录舌动脉的起源模式和直径，并测量其起源到颈动脉体（CB）、舌骨大角（GCHB）和舌下神经（HN）的距离。对任何变异主干进行类似测量。使用SPSS（IBM 27版）收集和分析数据。采用配对t检验比较两侧差异。拍摄血管及其变异的代表性照片。
在所有解剖的尸体中均发现舌动脉，43%的病例双侧对称。本研究中遇到4种分支模式，最常见的是单一舌动脉，其次是舌动脉双干型（LFT）、舌动脉三干型（TLT），最后是舌动脉三干双支型（TLFT）。平均直径在单一型中最小，在TLT中最大。相对于CB，单一舌动脉起源于距CB 1.51±0.89 cm处，而LFT、TLT和TLFT分别起源于距CB 1.80±0.73 cm、1.02±0.64 cm和1.25±0.01 cm处。舌动脉起源到GCHB的平均距离在TLT中最小，在TLFT中最大。关于舌下神经，单一型舌动脉距HN平均为0.82±0.15 cm，LFT为1.34±0.86 cm，TLT为1.34±0.90 cm，TLFT为1.38±0.93 cm。
与其他人群相比，肯尼亚人群的舌动脉在起源模式及其与CB、GCHB和HN等标志的关系方面表现出较高的变异频率。这些发现可能为放射科医生和外科医生进一步了解血管解剖结构提供帮助，以避免并发症并改善整体治疗效果。
