School of Architecture, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China.
School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
Front Public Health. 2022 Feb 21;10:847399. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.847399. eCollection 2022.
Large-scale public buildings (e.g., stadiums and comprehensive hospitals) in modern cities provide places for various social activities. However, all of these public places encounter the scenario of large passenger flow and crowd gathering, which is highly likely to induce serious safety problems, such as stampedes. Previous studies have shown that efficient evacuation is an important way to ensure the safety of dense crowds in public places. This study aims to explore the optimization methods to improve the evacuation efficiency of public buildings. Two strategies considering plane partition and multi-floor layout are proposed for plane evacuation and vertical evacuation, respectively. Simulation scenarios and models of large stadiums and high-rise hospitals are established to verify the strategies. The results show that plane partition could effectively shorten the total evacuation time, which is due to the optimization of the initial exit choice of individuals and the avoidance of regional congestion in some evacuation channels or exits. Multi-floor layout optimization is an effective management method to arrange the different features of different floors, which could improve the evacuation efficiency for the whole multi-floor building. This study is helpful for building designers and managers to improve the building space layout design and the daily safety management mode.
大型公共建筑（如体育场和综合医院）在现代城市中为各种社会活动提供了场所。然而，所有这些公共场所都面临着客流量大、人群聚集的情况，这极有可能引发严重的安全问题，如踩踏事件。以往的研究表明，有效的疏散是确保公共场所密集人群安全的重要途径。本研究旨在探讨优化大型公共建筑疏散效率的方法。针对平面疏散和垂直疏散，分别提出了考虑平面分区和多楼层布局的两种策略。建立了大型体育场和高层建筑医院的仿真场景和模型，以验证这些策略。结果表明，平面分区可以有效地缩短总疏散时间，这是由于个体初始出口选择的优化以及避免了某些疏散通道或出口的区域拥堵。多楼层布局优化是一种有效的管理方法，可以安排不同楼层的不同特征，从而提高整个多层建筑的疏散效率。本研究有助于建筑设计师和管理人员改进建筑空间布局设计和日常安全管理模式。
