Am Psychol. 2021 Dec;76(9):1372-1384. doi: 10.1037/amp0000893.
Psychoendocrine research on stress in healthy children and adolescents is entering its fifth decade. Forty some years ago, the questions we were asking about the role of stress hormones in human development, most notably, cortisol, were quite different, and much more humble, than the ones we are asking today. From these humble beginnings, human developmental psychoendocrine research has burgeoned, until today the search terms "cortisol and children and emotion" returns over 11,000 citations. This review will not cover the entire field of work on this system in pediatric populations. It will focus for the most part on physically healthy children. Where psychiatric disorders are discussed, it will be within the context of the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis in transducing early life stress (ELS) into psychopathological outcomes. What will be covered in some detail is work on parent-child relationships as regulators of the HPA axis in childhood and adolescence, child care, peer relations, and early life stress (ELS) and its effects of stress reactivity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
健康儿童和青少年的心理内分泌压力研究已经进入第五个十年。四十多年前，我们提出的关于应激激素在人类发育中的作用的问题，尤其是皮质醇，与我们今天提出的问题大不相同，也简单得多。从这些简单的开端开始，人类发展心理内分泌研究蓬勃发展，直到今天，“皮质醇与儿童和情绪”的搜索词返回了超过 11000 个引用。本综述不会涵盖儿科人群中该系统的整个研究领域。它将主要集中在身体健康的儿童上。在讨论精神障碍时，将其置于下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质（HPA）轴在将早期生活压力（ELS）转化为精神病理结果中的作用的背景下。将详细介绍的是父母-儿童关系作为儿童和青少年时期 HPA 轴的调节剂、儿童保育、同伴关系以及早期生活压力（ELS）及其对应激反应的影响的工作。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2022 APA，保留所有权利）。
