School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.
Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
Nutrients. 2022 Feb 25;14(5):985. doi: 10.3390/nu14050985.
Obesity is a significant health concern, as it causes a massive cascade of chronic inflammations and multiple morbidities. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are chronic inflammatory conditions and often manifest as comorbidities of obesity. Adipose tissues serve as a reservoir of energy as well as releasing several inflammatory cytokines (including IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) that stimulate low-grade chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, fatty liver disease, oxidative stress, and chronic kidney diseases. Dietary intake, low physical activity, unhealthy lifestyle, smoking, alcohol consumption, and genetic and environmental factors can influence obesity and arthritis. Current arthritis management using modern medicines produces various adverse reactions. Medicinal plants have been a significant part of traditional medicine, and various plants and phytochemicals have shown effectiveness against arthritis and obesity; however, scientifically, this traditional plant-based treatment option needs validation through proper clinical trials and toxicity tests. In addition, essential oils obtained from aromatic plants are being widely used as for complementary therapy (e.g., aromatherapy, smelling, spicing, and consumption with food) against arthritis and obesity; scientific evidence is necessary to support their effectiveness. This review is an attempt to understand the pathophysiological connections between obesity and arthritis, and describes treatment options derived from medicinal, spice, and aromatic plants.
肥胖是一个严重的健康问题，因为它会引发大量的慢性炎症和多种疾病。类风湿关节炎和骨关节炎是慢性炎症性疾病，通常表现为肥胖的合并症。脂肪组织不仅是能量的储存库，还会释放多种炎症细胞因子（包括 IL-6、IFN-γ 和 TNF-α），这些细胞因子会刺激低水平的慢性炎症状态，如类风湿关节炎、骨关节炎、糖尿病、高血压、心血管疾病、脂肪肝、氧化应激和慢性肾脏病。饮食摄入、低体力活动、不健康的生活方式、吸烟、饮酒以及遗传和环境因素都可能影响肥胖和关节炎。目前使用现代药物治疗关节炎会产生各种不良反应。药用植物一直是传统医学的重要组成部分，许多植物和植物化学物质已被证明对关节炎和肥胖有效；然而，从科学角度来看，这种基于传统植物的治疗选择需要通过适当的临床试验和毒性测试来验证。此外，从芳香植物中提取的精油被广泛用作关节炎和肥胖症的辅助治疗（例如，芳香疗法、嗅觉疗法、调味和与食物一起食用）；需要有科学证据来支持它们的有效性。本综述旨在了解肥胖和关节炎之间的病理生理学联系，并描述了从药用植物、香料植物和芳香植物中获得的治疗选择。
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