Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Mar 3;23(5):2778. doi: 10.3390/ijms23052778.
Life on earth has evolved under the influence of regularly recurring changes in the environment, such as the 24 h light/dark cycle. Consequently, organisms have developed endogenous clocks, generating 24 h (circadian) rhythms that serve to anticipate these rhythmic changes. In addition to these circadian rhythms, which persist in constant conditions and can be entrained to environmental rhythms, light drives rhythmic behavior and brain function, especially in nocturnal laboratory rodents. In recent decades, research has made great advances in the elucidation of the molecular circadian clockwork and circadian light perception. This review summarizes the role of light and the circadian clock in rhythmic brain function, with a focus on the complex interaction between the different components of the mammalian circadian system. Furthermore, chronodisruption as a consequence of light at night, genetic manipulation, and neurodegenerative diseases is briefly discussed.
地球上的生命是在环境中周期性变化的影响下进化而来的，例如 24 小时的光/暗循环。因此，生物体已经发展出内源性时钟，产生 24 小时（昼夜）节律，以预测这些有节奏的变化。除了这些在恒定条件下持续存在并能与环境节律同步的昼夜节律外，光还驱动着有节奏的行为和大脑功能，特别是在夜间的实验室啮齿动物中。在过去的几十年里，人们在阐明分子昼夜节律钟和对光的昼夜感知方面取得了重大进展。这篇综述总结了光和昼夜节律钟在有节奏的大脑功能中的作用，重点讨论了哺乳动物昼夜节律系统的不同组成部分之间的复杂相互作用。此外，简要讨论了夜间光线、遗传操作和神经退行性疾病导致的时间节律破坏。
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