Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Feb 26;22(5):1865. doi: 10.3390/s22051865.
In this paper, we introduce portable sensors based on genetic measurements that can be used in the field for the diagnosis of infectious diseases and disease risk based on SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms). In particular, the sensors are based on electrochemical measurements that can be performed with printed electrodes and small measuring devices. Indicator molecules that can bind to nucleic acid molecules in various ways are already known, and some of these molecules have electrochemical activity. First, we investigated the change in their electrochemical responses in a solution system. As a result, we searched for nucleic acid-binding molecules whose current value changes in the presence of DNA. In addition, when we measured the change in the current value, associated with the amplification of specific genes, such as PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification), we found that the current value decreased with the number of amplifications, indicating that specific genes can be monitored electrochemically. Based on this principle, we showed that pathogenic microorganisms and viruses, such as Salmonella, O157 , hepatitis B virus, periodontal disease bacteria, antibiotic-resistant bacteria and influenza virus, were able to be measured. The method was also applied to the diagnosis of SNPs, such as ApoE (apolipoprotein E), which is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Rapid PCR was available with a microfluidic device, and a simple method was also presented with the isothermal amplification of LAMP.
在本文中，我们介绍了基于遗传测量的便携式传感器，这些传感器可用于现场基于单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 进行传染病诊断和疾病风险检测。特别是，这些传感器基于电化学测量，可以使用印刷电极和小型测量设备进行。已经有一些可以以各种方式与核酸分子结合的指示分子，其中一些分子具有电化学活性。首先，我们在溶液系统中研究了它们电化学响应的变化。结果，我们搜索了在存在 DNA 时其电流值发生变化的核酸结合分子。此外，当我们测量与特定基因（如 PCR（聚合酶链式反应）和 LAMP（环介导等温扩增））扩增相关的电流值变化时，我们发现电流值随着扩增次数的增加而减小，这表明可以通过电化学方法监测特定基因。基于这一原理，我们表明可以测量例如沙门氏菌、O157、乙型肝炎病毒、牙周病细菌、耐药菌和流感病毒等病原体微生物和病毒。该方法还应用于 ApoE（载脂蛋白 E）等 SNP 的诊断，ApoE 是阿尔茨海默病的一个风险因素。利用微流控装置实现了快速 PCR，并且还提出了一种简单的方法，即 LAMP 的等温扩增。
