Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Front Immunol. 2022 Feb 22;13:811144. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.811144. eCollection 2022.
Acute myeloid leukemias (AML) comprise a wide array of different entities, which have in common a rapid expansion of myeloid blast cells leading to displacement of normal hematopoietic cells and also disruption of the microenvironment in the bone marrow niches. Based on an insight into the complex cellular interactions in the bone marrow niches in non-neoplastic conditions in general, this review delineates the complex relationship between leukemic cells and reactive cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in AML. A special focus is directed on niche cells and various T-cell subsets as these also provide a potential therapeutic rationale considering e.g. immunomodulation. The TME of AML on the one hand plays a vital role for sustaining and promoting leukemogenesis but - on the other hand - it also has adverse effects on abnormal blasts developing into overt leukemia hindering their proliferation and potentially removing such cells. Thus, leukemic cells need to and develop strategies in order to manipulate the TME. Interference with those strategies might be of particular therapeutic potential since mechanisms of resistance related to tumor cell plasticity do not apply to it.
急性髓系白血病（AML）包括多种不同的实体，它们的共同点是髓性原始细胞的快速扩增，导致正常造血细胞的移位，以及骨髓龛微环境的破坏。基于对非肿瘤状态下骨髓龛中复杂细胞相互作用的深入了解，本综述阐述了 AML 中白血病细胞与肿瘤微环境（TME）反应细胞之间的复杂关系。特别关注龛细胞和各种 T 细胞亚群，因为考虑到免疫调节等因素，这些细胞也提供了潜在的治疗依据。AML 的 TME 一方面对于维持和促进白血病发生起着至关重要的作用，但另一方面，它也对异常原始细胞发展为显性白血病产生不利影响，阻碍其增殖，并可能清除这些细胞。因此，白血病细胞需要并制定策略来操纵 TME。干扰这些策略可能具有特别的治疗潜力，因为与肿瘤细胞可塑性相关的耐药机制不适用于它。
