Hernandez-Patlan Daniel, Solis-Cruz Bruno, Latorre Juan D, Merino-Guzman Ruben, Morales Rodríguez Miguel, Ausland Catie, Hernandez-Velasco Xochitl, Ortiz Holguin Oscar, Delgado Ramiro, Hargis Billy M, Singh Pallavi, Tellez-Isaias Guillermo
Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Unidad de Investigacion Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Cuautitlan, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico.
Division de Ingeniería en Nanotecnología, Universidad Politécnica del Valle de Mexico, Tultitlán, Mexico.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Feb 22;9:784387. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.784387. eCollection 2022.
The three strains present in Norum™ were initially selected by their excellent to good relative enzyme activity (REA) production score for amylase, protease, lipase, phytase, cellulase, β-glucanase, and xylanase. Further studies confirmed that the three isolates also showed an antibacterial activity, Gram-positive and Gram-negative poultry pathogens. Norum™ (Eco-Bio/Euxxis Bioscience LLC) is a spore direct-fed microbial (DFM). The isolates were screened and selected based on enzyme production profiles. Moreover, in chickens fed high non-starch polysaccharides, this DFM demonstrated to reduce digesta viscosity, bacterial translocation, increase performance, bone mineralization, and balance the intestinal microbiota. In the present study, we present the whole-genome sequence of each of the three isolates in Norum™, as well as the synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects on the enzyme production behavior of the three strains and their combinations when grown together vs. when grown individually. The whole-genome sequence identified isolate AM1002 as (isolate 1), isolate AM0938 as (isolate 2), and isolate JD17 as (isolate 3). The three isolates used in the present study produce different enzymes (xylanase, cellulase, phytase, lipase, protease, and β-glucanase). However, this production was modified when two or more strains were combined, suggesting possible synergistic, antagonistic, or additive interactions. The Bliss analysis suggested ( < 0.05) that the combination of strains 1-2 and 1-2-3 had intermediate effects and predicted that the combination of strains 2-3 could have better effects than the combination of all the three strains. In summary, the current study demonstrated the need of selecting strains based on quantitative enzyme determination and data analysis to assess the impacts of combinations to avoid antagonistic interactions that could limit treatment efficacy. These results suggest that using strains 2-3 together could lead to a new generation of DFMs with effects superior to those already examined in strains 1-2-3 and, therefore, a potential alternative to growth-promoting antibiotics. More research utilizing poultry models is being considered to confirm and expand the existing findings.
诺鲁姆™中存在的三株菌株最初是根据它们在淀粉酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶、植酸酶、纤维素酶、β-葡聚糖酶和木聚糖酶方面优异至良好的相对酶活性(REA)产生分数来选择的。进一步研究证实,这三株分离株还对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性家禽病原体表现出抗菌活性。诺鲁姆™(生态生物/欧克西斯生物科学有限责任公司)是一种直接投喂的芽孢微生物(DFM)。这些分离株是根据酶产生谱进行筛选和选择的。此外,在饲喂高非淀粉多糖的鸡中,这种DFM被证明可以降低食糜粘度、细菌易位、提高生产性能、促进骨矿化并平衡肠道微生物群。在本研究中,我们展示了诺鲁姆™中三株分离株各自的全基因组序列,以及这三株菌株及其组合共同生长与单独生长时对酶产生行为的协同、相加或拮抗作用。全基因组序列确定分离株AM1002为(分离株1),分离株AM0938为(分离株2),分离株JD17为(分离株3)。本研究中使用的三株分离株产生不同的酶(木聚糖酶、纤维素酶、植酸酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶和β-葡聚糖酶)。然而,当两株或更多菌株组合时,这种产生情况会发生改变,这表明可能存在协同、拮抗或相加相互作用。布利斯分析表明(<0.05),菌株1 - 2和1 - 2 - 3的组合具有中等效应,并预测菌株2 - 3的组合可能比所有三株菌株的组合具有更好的效果。总之,当前研究表明需要基于定量酶测定和数据分析来选择菌株,以评估组合的影响,避免可能限制治疗效果的拮抗相互作用。这些结果表明,一起使用菌株2 - 3可能会产生新一代的DFM,其效果优于已经在菌株1 - 2 - 3中研究过的效果,因此可能是生长促进抗生素的一种潜在替代品。正在考虑利用家禽模型进行更多研究以证实和扩展现有发现。