Papousek H, Papousek M
Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci. 1986;236(1):21-5. doi: 10.1007/BF00641053.
Although the beginning of postpartum social integration and communication has been long viewed as relevant to psychiatric theories, early parent-infant communication has become a matter of scientific investigation only recently. The present survey explains the significance of an approach based upon the general systems theory and explores to what extent the early parent-infant interaction can function as a didactic system to support the development of thought and speech. Evidence of this function has been found in those forms of parental behavior that escape the parent's conscious awareness and control, as exemplified in the vocal communication with presyllabic infants. Parents unknowingly adjust the structure and dynamics of speech to the constraints of infant capacities, detach prosodic musicality from lexical structure, and use it in particularly expressive forms for the delivery of the first prototypical messages. In this and other similar ways, parents offer an abundance of learning situations in which infants can try out various integrative operations. A biological rather than cultural provenience of the support of communicative development indicates a potential relevance for the interpretation of speech evolution. In addition to qualities of the vocal tract and to complex symbolic capacities in humans, the early intuitive support of communicative development and its playful character are suggested as species-specific determinants of speech evolution. Implications for clinical research are suggested.
尽管产后社会融入与交流的开端长期以来一直被认为与精神病学理论相关，但早期的亲子交流直到最近才成为科学研究的对象。本调查解释了基于一般系统理论的方法的重要性，并探讨了早期亲子互动在多大程度上可以作为一种教学系统来支持思维和语言的发展。这种功能的证据已在那些父母没有意识到且无法控制的父母行为形式中被发现，如与前语言阶段婴儿的语音交流。父母在不知不觉中根据婴儿能力的限制调整言语的结构和动态，将韵律的音乐性与词汇结构分离，并以特别富有表现力的形式将其用于传达最初的原型信息。通过这种方式以及其他类似方式，父母提供了大量的学习情境，婴儿可以在其中尝试各种整合操作。对交流发展的支持具有生物学而非文化起源，这表明其对言语进化的解释具有潜在相关性。除了声道的特性和人类复杂的符号能力外，交流发展的早期直观支持及其趣味性被认为是言语进化的特定物种决定因素。本文还提出了对临床研究的启示。
