Fricke Julia, Bolster Marie, Icke Katja, Lisewski Natalja, Kuchinke Lars, Ludwig-Körner Christiane, Schlensog-Schuster Franziska, Reinhold Thomas, Berghöfer Anne, Roll Stephanie, Keil Thomas
Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
Unit for Municipal Health Strategies for the City of Freiburg and the District of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
Children (Basel). 2024 Jul 30;11(8):920. doi: 10.3390/children11080920.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Early childhood can be a stressful period for families with a significant impact on parents' mental health, the child's healthy development, and the development of a secure mother-child attachment. The goal of the cross-sectional study part of SKKIPPI was to assess the occurrence of psychosocial stress and mental health disorders in parents as well as in their offspring in early childhood in three German regions.
Based on random samples from three residents' registration offices, parents with infants aged up to 12 months were invited to participate. An online screening questionnaire was developed in four languages to assess common psychosocial stressors and mental health problems of parents with small children.
The study enrolled 4984 mothers and 962 fathers. The most common potential psychosocial stressors were professional problems (mothers 22%, fathers 33%), lack of social support (20%, 14%), and severe, negative experiences in childhood (22%, 16%). Obsessive-compulsive thoughts (21%, 16%) and depressive (9%, 9%) and anxiety symptoms (11%, 7%) were the most frequently reported mental health problems by both parents. Regulatory problems of the child were reported by between 1.5% and 5.1% of parents.
The study showed that a substantial proportion of parents are burdened by psychosocial problems and suffer from mental health problems in the first years after the birth of their children. Early preventive and low-threshold support measures should be available in the health and social care system. Low-threshold questionnaires, which cover a wide range of possible stress factors, should be further developed for the practical healthcare of this group of people.
背景/目的：幼儿期对家庭来说可能是一个压力较大的时期，会对父母的心理健康、孩子的健康发育以及安全的母婴依恋关系的形成产生重大影响。SKKIPPI横断面研究部分的目标是评估德国三个地区幼儿期父母及其子女心理社会压力和心理健康障碍的发生情况。
基于从三个居民登记办公室抽取的随机样本，邀请了有12个月及以下婴儿的父母参与。开发了一种四种语言的在线筛查问卷，以评估有幼儿的父母常见的心理社会压力源和心理健康问题。
该研究招募了4984名母亲和962名父亲。最常见的潜在心理社会压力源是职业问题（母亲22%，父亲33%）、缺乏社会支持（20%，14%）以及童年时期的严重负面经历（22%，16%）。强迫观念（21%，16%）、抑郁症状（9%，9%）和焦虑症状（11%，7%）是父母双方最常报告的心理健康问题。1.5%至5.1%的父母报告了孩子的行为调节问题。
该研究表明，相当一部分父母在孩子出生后的头几年受到心理社会问题的困扰，并患有心理健康问题。健康和社会护理系统应提供早期预防和低门槛的支持措施。应进一步开发涵盖广泛可能压力因素的低门槛问卷，用于这一人群的实际医疗保健。
