Imeneo Valeria, Romeo Rosa, De Bruno Alessandra, Piscopo Amalia
Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2022;57(3):220-232. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2046993. Epub 2022 Mar 11.
In this work, optimized techniques of conventional, ultrasound and microwave-assisted extraction were applied for the recovery of antioxidant compounds from lemon by-products (). Specifically, the effect of solvent, temperature, microwave power, time and their interaction on the extraction was investigated. Among the tested solvents, the hydroalcoholic mixture (ethanol:water, 50:50) was the optimal one for all extraction techniques: in particular assisted by ultrasounds at 70 °C for 30 minutes (total phenolic content: 6.93 mg GAE g, total flavonoids: 2.07 mg CE g, ABTS assay: 18.36 µM TE g). Also, the other techniques allowed to obtain valuable extracts, although with relative lower amounts. The analyses of individual phenols revealed hesperidin and eriocitrin as the main compounds (respectively about 1650 and 1150 mg kg) after ultrasound assisted and conventional extraction. Results of this work can be useful to valorize an industrial by-product by sustainable techniques for the high-added value substances recovery.
在本研究中，采用常规、超声和微波辅助提取的优化技术从柠檬副产物中回收抗氧化化合物。具体而言，研究了溶剂、温度、微波功率、时间及其相互作用对提取的影响。在所测试的溶剂中，水醇混合液（乙醇：水，50:50）对所有提取技术都是最优的：特别是在70℃下超声辅助提取30分钟（总酚含量：6.93mg GAE/g，总黄酮：2.07mg CE/g，ABTS法：18.36μM TE/g）。此外，其他技术也能得到有价值的提取物，尽管含量相对较低。对单个酚类的分析表明，超声辅助提取和常规提取后，橙皮苷和圣草次苷是主要化合物（分别约为1650和1150mg/kg）。本研究结果有助于通过可持续技术回收高附加值物质，从而使工业副产物增值。
