Yeo Anna J, Halpern Leslie F, Lin Betty, Riddick Linda, Sima Daniela, Wohlfahrt Kristine M, Jones Nancy
Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University at New York, USA.
Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, USA.
J Pediatr Psychol. 2022 Jul 19;47(7):795-803. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsac017.
Both youth self-regulation and quality of parental involvement have been associated with blood glucose levels (HbA1c) of youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, it is unclear whether and how youth and parental factors interact in their relation to youth HbA1c. The differential susceptibility hypothesis proposes that youth with high negative affectivity (NA) and low effortful control (EC) may be more susceptible to the deleterious impact of lower quality parenting behaviors but also reap greater benefit from higher quality parenting behaviors. This study investigated whether youth temperament would moderate the link between diabetes-specific parental assistance (e.g., checking blood sugar) or support (e.g., encouraging, praising) and HbA1c among youth with T1DM.
Primary caregivers of youth with T1DM (N = 101; M age = 12.02, SD = 2.43) completed surveys on diabetes-specific parental involvement and youth temperament. Medical information (i.e., HbA1c) was obtained from chart review.
Multiple regression analyses indicated that youth NA and EC significantly interacted with parental assistance, but not support. Specifically, higher parental assistance was associated with higher HbA1c among youth with high NA or high EC. High assistance was only linked to lower HbA1c for youth with low NA.
Results suggest that optimal levels of parental involvement related to better T1DM outcomes depend on youth's NA or EC. Consistent with the goodness-of-fit framework, when parenting approaches match youth's temperament, youth with T1DM may be better able to maintain lower HbA1c. Family interventions for pediatric T1DM management may take into consideration youth temperament.
青少年自我调节能力和父母参与质量均与1型糖尿病（T1DM）青少年的血糖水平（糖化血红蛋白，HbA1c）有关。然而，青少年因素和父母因素在与青少年HbA1c的关系中是否相互作用以及如何相互作用尚不清楚。差异易感性假说提出，具有高消极情绪（NA）和低努力控制（EC）的青少年可能更容易受到低质量养育行为的有害影响，但也能从高质量养育行为中获得更大益处。本研究调查了青少年气质是否会调节糖尿病特异性父母协助（如检查血糖）或支持（如鼓励、表扬）与T1DM青少年HbA1c之间的联系。
T1DM青少年的主要照顾者（N = 101；平均年龄 = 12.02，标准差 = 2.43）完成了关于糖尿病特异性父母参与和青少年气质的调查。通过病历审查获取医疗信息（即HbA1c）。
多元回归分析表明，青少年的NA和EC与父母协助存在显著交互作用，但与父母支持不存在显著交互作用。具体而言，对于高NA或高EC的青少年，较高的父母协助与较高的HbA1c相关。只有对于低NA的青少年，高协助才与较低的HbA1c相关。
结果表明，与更好的T1DM治疗效果相关联的父母参与的最佳水平取决于青少年的NA或EC水平。与拟合优度框架一致，当养育方式与青少年气质相匹配时，T1DM青少年可能更有能力维持较低的HbA1c水平。针对儿童T1DM管理的家庭干预可能需要考虑青少年的气质。
