Köck Patrick, Meyer Maximilian, Elsner Julie, Dürsteler Kenneth M, Vogel Marc, Walter Marc
Department of Addictive Disorders, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Clinic for Children and Adolescents, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Feb 24;13:827658. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.827658. eCollection 2022.
Adolescence and emerging adulthood are often referred to as youth. Transitional psychiatry addresses this target group, which considers patients between 15 and 25 years of age. Substance use usually begins and peaks at this stage of life. Psychiatric disorders, foremost attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and affective disorders, conduct disorders, and first-episodes psychosis frequently appear in early life stages. This review aims to provide a broad overview of transitional-aged youth's most common psychiatric comorbidities with substance use disorders. A literature search was conducted in Embase and Pubmed, and the main findings are described narratively. We present main findings for the following comorbidities: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, personality disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, and the phenomena of overdose and suicidality. In conclusion, co-occurring mental health disorders are common and appear to facilitate the development of substance use disorders and exacerbate their overall course. Substance use also affects the severity and course of comorbid psychiatric disorders. Overall, data on transition-age youth with substance use disorders are highly inconsistent. Universal screening and treatment guidelines do not yet exist but should be aimed for in the future.
青少年期和成年早期通常被称为青年期。过渡性精神病学关注这一目标群体，该群体涵盖15至25岁的患者。物质使用通常始于这一生命阶段并在该阶段达到高峰。精神疾病，最主要的是注意力缺陷多动障碍、情感障碍、品行障碍和首发精神病，经常出现在生命早期阶段。本综述旨在全面概述处于过渡年龄的青年中物质使用障碍最常见的精神共病情况。在Embase和Pubmed数据库中进行了文献检索，并对主要研究结果进行了叙述性描述。我们呈现了以下共病情况的主要研究结果：注意力缺陷多动障碍、品行障碍、人格障碍、情感障碍、精神障碍以及过量用药和自杀现象。总之，共病的心理健康障碍很常见，似乎会促进物质使用障碍的发展并加剧其整体病程。物质使用也会影响共病精神障碍的严重程度和病程。总体而言，关于患有物质使用障碍的过渡年龄青年的数据高度不一致。目前尚不存在通用的筛查和治疗指南，但未来应朝着这一目标努力。
