El-Sobky El-Sayed E A, Taha Ayman E, El-Sharnouby Mohamed, Sayed Samy M, Elrys Ahmed S
Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22756, Egypt.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2022 Mar;29(3):1653-1667. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.10.066. Epub 2021 Oct 29.
Biofertilizers are a promising approach to substantially improve nutrient recovery and crop production. Moreover, zinc (Zn) deficiency is one of the key abiotic factors limiting global rice production. However, the effect of Zn-biochemical co-fertilization on rice production and nutrients recovery and surplus under semi-arid environmental conditions is not fully obvious. Two years field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Zn-biochemical (nitrogen "N", phosphorus "P", and potassium "K") co-fertilization on yield and yield components, physico-chemical characteristics, and nutrient recovery and surplus as well as farm profitability of four rice ( L.) cultivars treated with two Zn levels (no Zn application, and 600 mg chelated Zn L as a foliar application) and six fertilization regimes (no fertilizers application, biofertilizers, 25% NPK plus biofertilizers, 50% NPK plus biofertilizers, 75% NPK plus biofertilizers, and 100% NPK). Biofertilizers mixture (cerealin, phosphorine, and potassiomage) were used. The results revealed that chemical constituents, growth attributes, yield, yield components, nutrients uptake (N, P, K, and Zn), and nutrients recovery (N, P, and K) significantly increased due to Zn foliar application. Biofertilizers replacement for 25% of inorganic NPK combined with Zn provides the highest nutrients uptake through increasing N, P, and K recovery by 57-94%, 61-128%, and 45-69%, respectively in the four rice cultivars compared with 100% NPK treatment. This improvement in nutrients uptake and recovery was attributed to decrease nutrients surplus by 64-78%, 46-53%, and 50-59%, respectively. Additionally, Zn-biochemical co-fertilization improves growth attributes, yield, and yield components of rice cultivars through producing more contents of chlorophyll and b, carotenoids, total carbohydrates, and total amino acids than using 100% NPK alone. All previous characteristics significantly affected by the cultivated rice variety. The net return under the treatment of 75% NPK plus biofertilizers plus Zn foliar application was 21.5-27.5% higher than the treatment of 100% NPK. Therefore, our findings suggest that biofertilizers replacement for 25% of inorganic NPK combined with Zn foliar application supplies a financially attractive choice to substantially enhance nutrient recovery and production of rice, while effectively reducing nutrients loss.
生物肥料是大幅提高养分回收率和作物产量的一种很有前景的方法。此外，锌（Zn）缺乏是限制全球水稻产量的关键非生物因素之一。然而，在半干旱环境条件下，锌与生化肥料共同施肥对水稻产量、养分回收和盈余的影响并不完全明显。进行了为期两年的田间试验，以评估锌与生化肥料（氮“N”、磷“P”和钾“K”）共同施肥对四个水稻品种的产量和产量构成因素、理化特性、养分回收和盈余以及农场盈利能力的影响，这四个水稻品种分别接受两种锌水平（不施锌，以及叶面喷施600毫克螯合锌/升）和六种施肥方案（不施肥、生物肥料、25%氮磷钾加生物肥料、50%氮磷钾加生物肥料、75%氮磷钾加生物肥料和100%氮磷钾）。使用了生物肥料混合物（谷物素、磷素和钾素）。结果表明，由于叶面喷施锌，化学成分、生长特性、产量、产量构成因素、养分吸收（氮、磷、钾和锌）以及养分回收（氮、磷和钾）显著增加。与100%氮磷钾处理相比，用生物肥料替代25%的无机氮磷钾并结合锌，通过使四个水稻品种的氮、磷和钾回收率分别提高57 - 94%、61 - 128%和45 - 69%，实现了最高的养分吸收。养分吸收和回收的这种改善分别归因于养分盈余减少64 - 78%、46 - 53%和50 - 59%。此外，锌与生化肥料共同施肥通过产生比单独使用100%氮磷钾更多的叶绿素a和b、类胡萝卜素、总碳水化合物和总氨基酸含量，改善了水稻品种的生长特性、产量和产量构成因素。所有上述特征都受到种植的水稻品种的显著影响。75%氮磷钾加生物肥料加叶面喷施锌处理的净收益比100%氮磷钾处理高21.5 - 27.5%。因此，我们的研究结果表明，用生物肥料替代25%的无机氮磷钾并结合叶面喷施锌，为大幅提高水稻的养分回收和产量提供了一个经济上有吸引力的选择，同时有效减少了养分损失。
