Nawaz Abeer, Bashir Muhammad Amjad, Ahmed Wazir, Ahmad Ijaz, Rehim Abdur, Ikram Rao Muhammad, Shah Syed Shahid Hussain, Khurshid Muhammad Yasir, Rusan Munir Jamil, Lubani Rashid, Saleem Shahzad, Haq Tanveer Ul, Ali Muhammad Asif
Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan.
Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Sciences for Monitoring and Evaluation of Rural Land Utilization, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Jul 11;15:1363248. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1363248. eCollection 2024.
Despite the critical role of balanced nutrition in crop productivity, the use of potash (K) and zinc (Zn) is not much practiced by Pakistani farmers. The reduced nutrient uptake and crop productivity together increase the costs associated with fertilization and revisit farmers' confidence in the efficacy and profitability of fertilizers. To address this problem, a field study was conducted in the research area of the MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, in collaboration with Engro Fertilizers Limited. The research plan consisted of five treatments, including T = control (without N, P, K, and Zn fertilizers), T = NP in practice (NP at 32-23-0 kg acre), T = recommended NP (NP at 48-34.5 kg acre), T = balanced NPK (NP+K at 48-34.5-30 kg acre), and T = balanced NPK + Zn (NPK+Zn at 48-34.5-30 + 7.5 kg acre). Wheat was used as a test crop, and its growth, yield, and physiological and nutritional parameters were studied. The results indicated that NPK+Zn balanced nutrition increased plant height, spike length, photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and grain yield by 13%, 15%, 44%, 60%, 63%, 39%, and 78%, respectively, compared with the control. It was found that the combined application of NP, K, and Zn improved the recovery efficiency of applied nutrients, i.e., nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) by 230%, phosphorus recovery efficiency (PRE) by 136%, potassium recovery efficiency (KRE) by 135%, and zinc recovery efficiency (ZnRE) by 136% compared to NP-alone application. Agronomic use efficiency of applied fertilizers, such as potassium agronomic use efficiency (KAUE) by 71%, phosphorus agronomic use efficiency (PAUE) by 72%, nitrogen agronomic use efficiency (NAUE) by 70%, and zinc agronomic use efficiency (ZnAUE) by 72%, was observed compared to NP-alone application. The results showed that NPUE, PPUE, NPUE, and ZnPUE were reduced by 5%, 3%, 3%, and 5%, respectively, compared to NP-alone application. Our findings suggest that K and Zn should be made an essential part of wheat nutrition management for higher yield and better quality of produce.
尽管均衡营养对作物产量起着关键作用，但巴基斯坦农民对钾肥（K）和锌肥（Zn）的使用并不普遍。养分吸收减少和作物产量降低共同增加了施肥成本，并再次引发农民对肥料功效和盈利能力的信心问题。为解决这一问题，与Engro肥料有限公司合作，在木尔坦MNS农业大学的研究区域开展了一项田间试验。研究方案包括五个处理，即T =对照（不施氮、磷、钾和锌肥），T =实际施氮磷肥（氮磷用量为32 - 23 - 0千克/英亩），T =推荐氮磷肥用量（氮磷用量为48 - 34.5千克/英亩），T =平衡氮磷钾（氮磷钾用量为48 - 34.5 - 30千克/英亩），以及T =平衡氮磷钾+锌（氮磷钾锌用量为48 - 34.5 - 30 + 7.5千克/英亩）。选用小麦作为试验作物，研究其生长、产量以及生理和营养参数。结果表明，与对照相比，氮磷钾锌平衡营养使株高、穗长、光合速率、水分利用效率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和籽粒产量分别提高了13%、15%、44%、60%、63%、39%和78%。研究发现，与单独施用氮磷肥相比，氮、磷、钾和锌肥配合施用提高了肥料养分的回收效率，即氮回收效率（NRE）提高了230%，磷回收效率（PRE）提高了136%，钾回收效率（KRE）提高了135%，锌回收效率（ZnRE）提高了136%。与单独施用氮磷肥相比，观察到所施肥料的农学利用效率有所提高，如钾农学利用效率（KAUE）提高了71%，磷农学利用效率（PAUE）提高了72%，氮农学利用效率（NAUE）提高了70%，锌农学利用效率（ZnAUE）提高了72%。结果表明，与单独施用氮磷肥相比，氮素偏生产力（NPUE）、磷素偏生产力（PPUE）、钾素偏生产力（KPUE）和锌素偏生产力（ZnPUE）分别降低了5%、3%、3%和5%。我们的研究结果表明，为实现更高产量和更好品质的农产品，钾和锌应成为小麦营养管理的重要组成部分。
