Jan Sadaf, Singh Bhupender, Bhardwaj Renu, Kapoor Dhriti, Kour Jaspreet, Singh Rattandeep, Alam Pravej, Noureldeen Ahmed, Darwish Hadeer
School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2022 Mar;29(3):1348-1354. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.039. Epub 2022 Jan 22.
Thiamethoxam, a broad spectrum, neonicotinoid insecticide, is used on various crops including L. to protect from intruding insects such as leaf-hoppers, aphids, thrips and white-flies. Exposure to thiamethoxam causes acute malady such as tumour development, cell apoptosis, liver damage and neurotoxicity. Melatonin is entailed in umpteen developmental processes of plants, including stress responses. The pleiotropic effects of melatonin in modulating plant growth validate it's imperative contribution as multi-regulatory substance. Exiguous information is known about the role of in improving plant growth under thiamethoxam stress. Taking these aspects into consideration the contemporary study investigates the role of melatonin and strain MTCC 3315 in alleviating the thiamethoxam induced toxicity in plant. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis uncloaked that thiamethoxam induced stress primarily affects the protein content of plant as compared to lipids, carbohydrates and cell wall components. Organic acid profiling of the treated samples carried-out by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), reported an upregulation in the level of organic acids, malic acid (110%), citric acid (170%), succinic acid (81%), fumaric acid (40%) and ascorbic acid (55%) in thiamethoxam treated plants compared to the investigational untreated plants. The melatonin treated seedlings grown under thiamethoxam stress, exhibit increased level of malic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid and ascorbic acid by 81%, 0.94%, 11%, 21% and 6% respectively. Further, thiamethoxam stressed plants inoculated with showed stupendous up-regulation by 161% (malic acid), by 14% (citric acid), by 33% (succinic acid), by 30% (fumaric acid), by 100% (oxalic acid) respectively. Lastly, the combinatorial application of melatonin and resulted in prodigious upsurge of malic acid by 165%, succinic acid by 69%, fumaric acid by 42% respectively in contrast to distinct melatonin and treatments. The accumulation of organic acids ascertains the defence against thiamethoxam stress and corresponds to meet the energy generation requirement to skirmish thiamethoxam mediated abiotic stress in plant.
噻虫嗪是一种广谱新烟碱类杀虫剂，用于包括番茄在内的各种作物，以保护其免受叶蝉、蚜虫、蓟马和粉虱等入侵昆虫的侵害。接触噻虫嗪会导致急性疾病，如肿瘤发展、细胞凋亡、肝脏损伤和神经毒性。褪黑素参与植物的许多发育过程，包括应激反应。褪黑素在调节植物生长方面的多效性作用证实了其作为多调节物质的重要贡献。关于褪黑素在噻虫嗪胁迫下改善植物生长的作用，目前所知信息甚少。考虑到这些方面，当代研究调查了褪黑素和枯草芽孢杆菌MTCC 3315菌株在减轻噻虫嗪诱导的番茄植物毒性中的作用。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析表明，与脂质、碳水化合物和细胞壁成分相比，噻虫嗪诱导的胁迫主要影响植物的蛋白质含量。通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）对处理过的样品进行有机酸分析，结果显示，与未处理的对照植物相比，噻虫嗪处理的植物中苹果酸（110%）、柠檬酸（170%）、琥珀酸（81%）、富马酸（40%）和抗坏血酸（55%）的水平上调。在噻虫嗪胁迫下生长的经褪黑素处理的幼苗，其苹果酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、富马酸和抗坏血酸的水平分别提高了81%、0.94%、11%、21%和6%。此外，接种枯草芽孢杆菌的受噻虫嗪胁迫的植物分别显示出苹果酸（161%）、柠檬酸（14%）、琥珀酸（33%）、富马酸（30%）、草酸（100%）的显著上调。最后，与单独的褪黑素和枯草芽孢杆菌处理相比，褪黑素和枯草芽孢杆菌的联合应用导致苹果酸激增165%，琥珀酸激增69%，富马酸激增42%。有机酸的积累确定了对噻虫嗪胁迫的防御，并相应地满足了应对噻虫嗪介导的番茄植物非生物胁迫的能量产生需求。
