Jan Sadaf, Singh Bhupender, Bhardwaj Renu, Singh Rattandeep, Alsahli Abdulaziz Abdullah, Kaushik Prashant, Ahmad Parvaiz
School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
Chemosphere. 2023 Nov;342:140111. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140111. Epub 2023 Sep 9.
Insecticides are extensively exploited by humans to destroy the pests one such compound thiamethoxam is widely used over crops to offer control over wide-array of sucking insect pests. The present study unravels the detoxification potential of Pseudomonas putida in thiamethoxam exposed B. juncea seedlings. The thiamethoxam application curtailed the fresh weight, dry weight and seedling length by 106.22%, 80.29% and 116.78% while P. putida revived these growth parameters in thiamethoxam exposed B. juncea seedlings by 59.65%, 72.99% and 164.56% respectively. The exogenous supplementation of P. putida resuscitated the photosynthetic efficiency of B. juncea seedlings exposed to thiamethoxam as total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents were enhanced by 169.42%, 62.90%, 72.89%, 78.53%, 47.36% and 515.15% respectively in contrast to TMX exposed seedlings. Further, P. putida pre-treatment reinvigorated the osmoprotectant content in B. juncea seedlings grown in thiamethoxam as trehalose, glycine betaine and proline contents were thrusted by 21.20%, 58.98% and 34.26% respectively. The thiamethoxam exposure exorbitated the superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and MDA levels by 223.03%, 130.18% and 74.63% while P. putida supplementation slackened these oxidative burst levels by 41.75%, 3.79% and 29.09% respectively in thiamethoxam treated seedlings. Notably, P. putida inoculation in thiamethoxam exposed seedlings upregulated the enzymatic antioxidant and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities as SOD, CAT and glutathione were enhanced by 163.76%, 99.29% and 114.91% respectively in contrast to thiamethoxam treated seedlings. The gene expression analysis exhibited the negative impact of thiamethoxam on B. juncea seedlings as conferred by upregulation of chlorophyllase by 443.86 folds whereas P. putida application in thiamethoxam exposed seedlings downregulated the chlorophyllase expression by 248.73 folds and upregulated CXE, GST, NADH and POD genes by 0.44, 4.07, 1.43 and 0.98 folds respectively suggesting the molecular-level thiamethoxam detoxification efficiency of P. putida.
人类广泛使用杀虫剂来消灭害虫，其中噻虫嗪这种化合物被广泛用于农作物，以控制多种刺吸式害虫。本研究揭示了恶臭假单胞菌对暴露于噻虫嗪的芥菜幼苗的解毒潜力。施用噻虫嗪使鲜重、干重和幼苗长度分别减少了106.22%、80.29%和116.78%，而恶臭假单胞菌使暴露于噻虫嗪的芥菜幼苗的这些生长参数分别恢复了59.65%、72.99%和164.56%。恶臭假单胞菌的外源添加恢复了暴露于噻虫嗪的芥菜幼苗的光合效率，因为与暴露于噻虫嗪的幼苗相比，总叶绿素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、类黄酮和花青素含量分别提高了169.42%、62.90%、72.89%、78.53%、47.36%和515.15%。此外，恶臭假单胞菌预处理增强了在噻虫嗪中生长的芥菜幼苗的渗透保护剂含量，因为海藻糖、甘氨酸甜菜碱和脯氨酸含量分别提高了21.20%、58.98%和34.26%。噻虫嗪暴露使超氧阴离子、过氧化氢和丙二醛水平分别增加了223.03%、130.18%和74.63%，而在噻虫嗪处理的幼苗中添加恶臭假单胞菌分别使这些氧化爆发水平降低了41.75%、3.79%和29.09%。值得注意的是，在暴露于噻虫嗪的幼苗中接种恶臭假单胞菌上调了酶促抗氧化剂和非酶促抗氧化剂的活性，与噻虫嗪处理的幼苗相比，超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽分别提高了163.76%、99.29%和114.91%。基因表达分析显示，噻虫嗪对芥菜幼苗有负面影响，叶绿素酶上调了443.86倍，而在暴露于噻虫嗪的幼苗中施用恶臭假单胞菌使叶绿素酶表达下调了248.73倍，并分别使CXE、GST、NADH和POD基因上调了0.44、4.07、1.43和0.98倍，表明恶臭假单胞菌在分子水平上对噻虫嗪的解毒效率。
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