Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Front Immunol. 2022 Feb 24;13:826106. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.826106. eCollection 2022.
Inflammasomes are multi-protein platforms that are assembled in response to microbial and danger signals to activate proinflammatory caspase-1 for production of active form of IL-1β and induction of pyroptotic cell death. Where and how an inflammasome is assembled in cells has remained controversial. While the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and Golgi apparatus have been reported to be associated with inflammasome assembly, none of these sites seems to match the morphology, number and size of activated inflammasomes that are microscopically observable as one single perinuclear micrometer-sized punctum in each cell. Recently, emerging evidence shows that NLRP3 and pyrin inflammasomes are assembled, activated and locally regulated at the centrosome, the major microtubule organizing center in mammalian cells, elegantly accounting for the singularity, size and perinuclear location of activated inflammasomes. These new exciting findings reveal the previously unappreciated importance of the centrosome in controlling inflammasome assembly and activation as well as inflammasome-related diseases.
炎症小体是一种多蛋白平台，可在微生物和危险信号的刺激下组装，激活促炎半胱天冬酶-1，从而产生白细胞介素-1β的活性形式并诱导细胞焦亡。炎症小体在细胞中如何以及在哪里组装一直存在争议。虽然内质网、线粒体和高尔基体已被报道与炎症小体组装有关，但这些部位似乎都不符合形态、数量和大小，显微镜下可观察到的激活的炎症小体是每个细胞中一个单一的核周微米大小的小点。最近，新出现的证据表明，NLRP3 和 pyrin 炎症小体在中心体（哺乳动物细胞的主要微管组织中心）组装、激活和局部调节，这很好地解释了激活的炎症小体的单一性、大小和核周位置。这些新的令人兴奋的发现揭示了中心体在控制炎症小体组装和激活以及炎症小体相关疾病方面的先前未被重视的重要性。
