Dehkordi Mahshid H, Munn Robert G K, Fearnhead Howard O
Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Feb 23;10:840023. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.840023. eCollection 2022.
Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that predominantly cleave their substrates after aspartic acid residues. Much of what we know of caspases emerged from investigation a highly conserved form of programmed cell death called apoptosis. This form of cell death is regulated by several caspases, including caspase-2, caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-8 and caspase-9. However, these "killer" apoptotic caspases have emerged as versatile enzymes that play key roles in a wide range of non-apoptotic processes. Much of what we understand about these non-apoptotic roles is built on work investigating how "killer" caspases control a range of neuronal cell behaviors. This review will attempt to provide an up to date synopsis of these roles.
半胱天冬酶是一类半胱氨酸蛋白酶，主要在天冬氨酸残基之后切割其底物。我们对半胱天冬酶的许多了解都来自于对一种高度保守的程序性细胞死亡形式——凋亡的研究。这种细胞死亡形式由几种半胱天冬酶调节，包括半胱天冬酶 -2、半胱天冬酶 -3、半胱天冬酶 -7、半胱天冬酶 -8 和半胱天冬酶 -9。然而，这些“杀手”凋亡半胱天冬酶已成为多功能酶，在广泛的非凋亡过程中发挥关键作用。我们对这些非凋亡作用的许多理解是基于研究“杀手”半胱天冬酶如何控制一系列神经元细胞行为的工作。本综述将试图提供这些作用的最新概述。
