Ghorbanalizadeh Atefeh, Akhani Hossein
Halophytes and C4 Plants Research Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran.
Plant Divers. 2021 Jul 27;44(1):39-69. doi: 10.1016/j.pld.2021.07.005. eCollection 2022 Jan.
In this paper a critical annotated checklist of 256 endemic and near endemic species belonging to 152 genera and 50 families of flowering plants known from Hyrcanian relict forests is presented. Distribution maps of taxa, elevational range, number of known records, chorotypes, life forms, IUCN threat categories and habitat types are also provided. The chorotypes are categorized into eight main patterns: 1) the Omni-Hyrcanian pattern (OH), 2) West Hyrcanian pattern (WH), 3) Manjil-Rudbar pattern (MR), 4) Central Hyrcanian pattern (CH), 5) Central and East Hyrcanian pattern (CEH), 6) East Hyrcanian pattern (EH), 7) Alborz-Hyrcanian pattern (AH), and 8) Euxino-Hyrcanian pattern (XH). The richness and distribution maps were generated based on 5408 records gained from herbarium specimens and literature records. The life form spectra show that the majority of taxa (54.7%) belong to hemicryptophytes, followed by the tuberous, bulbous and parasitic geophytes with 45 species (17.6%) and phanerophytes with 28 taxa (10.9%). The conservation status of species according to IUCN criteria indicates that 30 taxa are Critically Endangered, 52 taxa Endangered, 30 taxa Vulnerable, 25 taxa Near Threatened and 81 taxa are of Least Concern. Our present data were not sufficient to evaluate 38 taxa that are categorized here as Data Deficient. The new combination of (=) is validated with inclusion of as its synonym. The disjunct occurrence of the Caucasian species is reported from the eastern parts of the Hyrcanian forests in Iran for the first time. We conclude that (i) the Hyrcanian forests and associated habitats in the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains harbour tremendous floristic diversity of high conservation priority, and (ii) the Hyrcanian forest zone is an important and unique center of endemism within the Euro-Siberian region that should be considered a floristic province with a large number of relict species.
本文列出了一份来自里海残遗森林的256种特有及近特有开花植物的批判性注释清单，这些植物隶属于152个属和50个科。文中还提供了分类群的分布图、海拔范围、已知记录数量、分布型、生活型、世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）威胁类别以及栖息地类型。分布型分为八种主要模式：1）全里海模式（OH），2）西里海模式（WH），3）曼吉尔 - 鲁德巴尔模式（MR），4）中里海模式（CH），5）中里海和东里海模式（CEH），6）东里海模式（EH），7）阿尔伯兹 - 里海模式（AH），8）黑海 - 里海模式（XH）。丰富度图和分布图是基于从标本馆标本和文献记录中获取的5408条记录生成的。生活型谱表明，大多数分类群（54.7%）属于地面芽植物，其次是具块茎、鳞茎和寄生的地下芽植物，有45种（17.6%），高位芽植物有28个分类群（10.9%）。根据IUCN标准，物种的保护状况表明，30个分类群为极危，52个分类群为濒危，30个分类群为易危，25个分类群为近危，81个分类群为无危。我们目前的数据不足以评估在此列为数据缺乏的38个分类群。新组合（=）通过将 作为其异名纳入而得到验证。首次报道了高加索物种 在伊朗里海森林东部的间断分布。我们得出结论：（i）阿尔伯兹山脉北坡的里海森林及相关栖息地拥有极为丰富的植物多样性，具有很高的保护优先级；（ii）里海森林带是欧洲 - 西伯利亚地区一个重要且独特的特有中心，应被视为拥有大量残遗物种的植物区系省。
