O'Neill Dillon C, Boes Emily A, McCutcheon Chance, Haller Justin M
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.
School of Medicine.
OTA Int. 2022 Mar 10;5(1 Suppl):e163. doi: 10.1097/OI9.0000000000000163. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Extremity compartment syndrome (ECS) is a morbid condition resulting in permanent myoneural damage. Currently, the diagnosis of compartment syndrome relies on clinical symptoms and/or intracompartment pressure measurements, both of which are poor predictors of ECS. Animal models have been used to better define cellular mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of ECS. However, no standardized model exists. The purpose of this study was to identify existing animal research on extremity compartment syndrome to summarize the current state of the literature and to identify weaknesses that could be improved with additional research.
A MEDLINE database search and reverse inclusion protocol were utilized. We included all animal models of ECS.
Forty-one studies were included. Dogs were the most commonly used model species, followed by pigs and rats. Most studies sought to better define the pathophysiology of compartment syndrome. Other studies evaluated experimental diagnostic modalities or potential treatments. The most common compartment syndrome model was intracompartment infusion, followed by tourniquet and intracompartment balloon models. Few models incorporated additional soft tissue or osseous injury. Only 65.9% of the reviewed studies confirmed that their model created myoneural injury similar to extremity compartment syndrome.
Study purpose, methodology, and outcome measures varied widely across included studies. A standardized definition for animal compartment syndrome would direct more consistent research in this field. Few animal models have investigated the pathophysiologic relationship between traumatic injury and the development of compartment syndrome. A validated, clinically relevant animal model of extremity compartment syndrome would spur improvement in diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.
肢体骨筋膜室综合征（ECS）是一种可导致永久性肌神经损伤的病态情况。目前，骨筋膜室综合征的诊断依赖于临床症状和/或骨筋膜室内压力测量，而这两者对于ECS而言都是较差的预测指标。动物模型已被用于更好地明确ECS的细胞机制、诊断和治疗。然而，尚无标准化模型。本研究的目的是识别关于肢体骨筋膜室综合征的现有动物研究，以总结当前文献状况，并找出可通过进一步研究加以改进的不足之处。
利用MEDLINE数据库检索和反向纳入方案。我们纳入了所有ECS动物模型。
共纳入41项研究。犬是最常用的模型物种，其次是猪和大鼠。大多数研究试图更好地明确骨筋膜室综合征的病理生理学。其他研究评估了实验性诊断方法或潜在治疗方法。最常见的骨筋膜室综合征模型是骨筋膜室内灌注，其次是止血带和骨筋膜室内气囊模型。很少有模型纳入额外的软组织或骨损伤。在纳入综述的研究中，只有65.9%证实其模型造成了与肢体骨筋膜室综合征相似的肌神经损伤。
纳入研究的研究目的、方法和结果测量差异很大。动物骨筋膜室综合征的标准化定义将指导该领域开展更一致的研究。很少有动物模型研究创伤性损伤与骨筋膜室综合征发生之间的病理生理关系。一个经过验证的、与临床相关的肢体骨筋膜室综合征动物模型将推动诊断和治疗干预的改进。
