Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States.
Basic Science Program, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States.
J Am Chem Soc. 2022 Mar 23;144(11):4925-4941. doi: 10.1021/jacs.1c12745. Epub 2022 Mar 12.
Germline antibodies, the initial set of antibodies produced by the immune system, are critical for host defense, and information about their binding properties can be useful for designing vaccines, understanding the origins of autoantibodies, and developing monoclonal antibodies. Numerous studies have found that germline antibodies are polyreactive with malleable, flexible binding pockets. While insightful, it remains unclear how broadly this model applies, as there are many families of antibodies that have not yet been studied. In addition, the methods used to obtain germline antibodies typically rely on assumptions and do not work well for many antibodies. Herein, we present a distinct approach for isolating germline antibodies that involves immunizing activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) knockout mice. This strategy amplifies antigen-specific B cells, but somatic hypermutation does not occur because AID is absent. Using synthetic haptens, glycoproteins, and whole cells, we obtained germline antibodies to an assortment of clinically important tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens, including Lewis Y, the Tn antigen, sialyl Lewis C, and Lewis X (CD15/SSEA-1). Through glycan microarray profiling and cell binding, we demonstrate that all but one of these germline antibodies had high selectivity for their glycan targets. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we provide insights into the structural basis of glycan recognition. The results have important implications for designing carbohydrate-based vaccines, developing anti-glycan monoclonal antibodies, and understanding antibody evolution within the immune system.
种系抗体是免疫系统产生的初始抗体集,对于宿主防御至关重要,其结合特性的信息对于设计疫苗、了解自身抗体的起源以及开发单克隆抗体都非常有用。大量研究发现,种系抗体对具有可塑、灵活结合口袋的多反应性。虽然这一模型具有启发性,但目前尚不清楚该模型的适用范围有多广,因为还有许多尚未研究的抗体家族。此外,获得种系抗体的方法通常依赖于假设,并且不适用于许多抗体。在此,我们提出了一种分离种系抗体的独特方法,涉及免疫激活诱导胞嘧啶脱氨酶 (AID) 敲除小鼠。该策略可扩增抗原特异性 B 细胞,但由于 AID 缺失,体细胞高频突变不会发生。使用合成半抗原、糖蛋白和全细胞,我们获得了针对一系列临床重要肿瘤相关碳水化合物抗原的种系抗体,包括 Lewis Y、Tn 抗原、唾液酸化 Lewis C 和 Lewis X (CD15/SSEA-1)。通过糖基微阵列分析和细胞结合,我们证明这些种系抗体中的除一个之外,其对糖基靶标都具有高选择性。通过分子动力学模拟,我们提供了对糖基识别结构基础的深入了解。这些结果对于设计基于碳水化合物的疫苗、开发抗糖单克隆抗体以及理解免疫系统中的抗体进化具有重要意义。