分析方向在定性研究中的作用。
The role of analytic direction in qualitative research.
机构信息
Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada.
Institute of Health Policy, Management & Evaluation, University of Toronto, Health Sciences Building, 155 College Street, Suite 425, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M6, Canada.
出版信息
BMC Med Res Methodol. 2022 Mar 13;22(1):66. doi: 10.1186/s12874-022-01546-4.
BACKGROUND
The literature on qualitative data analysis mostly concerns analyses pertaining to an individual research question and the organization of data within that research question. Few authors have written about the entire qualitative dataset from which multiple and separate analyses could be conducted and reported. The concept of analytic direction is a strategy that can assist qualitative researchers in deciding which findings to highlight within a dataset. The objectives of this paper were to: 1) describe the importance of analytic direction in qualitative research, and 2) provide a working example of the concept of analytic direction.
METHODS
A qualitative dataset from one of the author's research programs was selected for review. Ten potential analytic directions were identified after the initial phenomenological analysis was conducted. Three analytic directions based on the same coding template but different content areas of the data were further developed using phenomenological analysis (n = 2) and qualitative description (n = 1) and are the focus of this paper. Development and selection of these three analytic directions was determined partially relying on methodological criteria to promote rigour including a comprehensive examination of the data, the use of multiple analysts, direct quotations to support claims, negative case analysis, and reflexivity.
RESULTS
The three analytic directions addressed topics within the scope of the overall research question. Each analytic direction had its own central point or story line and each highlighted a different perspective or voice. The use of an inductive and deductive approach to analysis and how the role of theory was integrated varied in each analytic direction.
CONCLUSIONS
The concept of analytic direction enables researchers to organize their qualitative datasets in order to tell different and unique "stories". The concept relies upon, and promotes, the conduct of rigourous qualitative research.
背景
文献中关于定性数据分析的内容主要涉及针对单个研究问题的分析，以及该研究问题内的数据组织。很少有作者曾描述过可从中进行并报告多个独立分析的整个定性数据集。分析方向的概念是一种策略，可以帮助定性研究人员决定在数据集中突出哪些发现。本文的目的是：1）描述分析方向在定性研究中的重要性，2）提供分析方向概念的实际示例。
方法
选择作者的一个研究项目的定性数据集进行审查。在进行初始现象学分析后，确定了 10 个潜在的分析方向。基于相同的编码模板但数据的不同内容领域进一步开发了三个分析方向，使用现象学分析（n=2）和定性描述（n=1）进行研究，这是本文的重点。这三个分析方向的开发和选择部分依赖于方法学标准来提高严谨性，包括对数据的全面检查、使用多个分析人员、直接引用来支持主张、负面案例分析和反身性。
结果
这三个分析方向解决了总体研究问题范围内的主题。每个分析方向都有自己的中心点或故事情节，每个方向都突出了不同的观点或声音。分析中使用归纳和演绎方法以及理论的整合方式在每个分析方向中都有所不同。
结论
分析方向的概念使研究人员能够组织他们的定性数据集，以讲述不同且独特的“故事”。该概念依赖于并促进严谨的定性研究的开展。
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