Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
Chemosphere. 2022 Aug;300:134295. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134295. Epub 2022 Mar 10.
Surfactants and pesticides can be simultaneously detected in the environment by the reason of their widespread use and large amounts of emissions. Due to the special amphipathicity of surfactants, it may have special effects on the environmental behaviors and toxic effects of other substances in the environment. There are few relevant studies at present. In this study, the effects of three surfactants on the degradation of the amide pesticide metolachlor in water-sediment system were investigated. The study found that the three surfactants had no significant effect on the degradation of metolachlor in the system at environmental concentrations. However, at critical micelle concentration, cationic surfactant octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and nonionic surfactant nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether promoted the degradation of metolachlor in water-sediment system. Anionic surfactant odium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) prolonged the degradation half-life of metolachlor. The presence of surfactants not only affected the environmental behavior of pesticides. When they coexisted with pesticides, the joint toxicity to aquatic organisms cannot be ignored. This study found that the combined effects of three surfactants and metolachlor on the acute developmental toxicity of zebrafish embryos were all synergistic effects. The combined effects of two ionic surfactants and metolachlor on the acute toxicity of adult zebrafish were synergistic effects. Further study showed that co-exposure of SDBS and metolachlor increased the absorption of metolachlor by zebrafish. Combined exposure of SDBS and metolachlor caused oxidative stress in brain, gill and liver of zebrafish. The results showed that the simultaneous presence of anionic surfactants and pesticides in the environment may increase the environmental risk of pesticides.
表面活性剂由于其广泛的应用和大量的排放，可以与农药同时在环境中被检测到。由于表面活性剂的特殊两亲性，它可能对环境中其他物质的环境行为和毒性效应产生特殊影响。目前相关研究较少。本研究考察了三种表面活性剂对水-沉积物体系中酰胺类农药甲草胺降解的影响。研究发现，三种表面活性剂在环境浓度下对体系中甲草胺的降解没有显著影响。然而，在临界胶束浓度下，阳离子表面活性剂十八烷基三甲基溴化铵和非离子表面活性剂壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚促进了水-沉积物体系中甲草胺的降解。阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）延长了甲草胺的降解半衰期。表面活性剂的存在不仅影响了农药的环境行为，而且当它们与农药共存时，对水生生物的联合毒性不容忽视。本研究发现，三种表面活性剂与甲草胺对斑马鱼胚胎急性发育毒性的联合作用均为协同作用。两种离子表面活性剂与甲草胺对成鱼急性毒性的联合作用均为协同作用。进一步的研究表明，SDBS 与甲草胺的共同暴露增加了斑马鱼对甲草胺的吸收。SDBS 和甲草胺的联合暴露导致斑马鱼大脑、鳃和肝脏发生氧化应激。结果表明，环境中阴离子表面活性剂和农药的同时存在可能会增加农药的环境风险。
