Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin 150081, China.
Chemosphere. 2018 Aug;204:44-50. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.034. Epub 2018 Apr 7.
Nonylphenol ethoxylates are widely used surfactants in the industry and agriculture. However, seeking for alternatives has been imperative considering their effects of the hormonal and other toxicological risks. In the current study, the synergistic effects of nonylphenol ethoxylates or alcohol ethoxylates on the bioactivity of indoxacarb and acetamiprid were compared. Results showed that synergistic ratios of nonylphenol ethoxylates (TX-7∼TX-30) and alcohol ethoxylates (MOA-5∼MOA-20) against Spodoptera exigua, Agrotis ipsilon and Aphis citricola decreased with the EO (ethylene oxide) numbers, although different magnitudes of decreases were observed. Single toxicities of all ethoxylates to Daphnia magna and Brachydanio rerio also dramatically decreased with the EO numbers. In terms of joint toxicity, the combined effects of all ethoxylates and pesticides upon D. magna turned from synergism to antagonism with the increasing EO numbers; the combined effects of nonylphenol ethoxylates and pesticides turned from synergism to antagonism with the increasing EO numbers of ethoxylates, whereas alcohol ethoxylates and pesticides always showed antagonistic effects whatever EO numbers. Overall, alcohol ethoxylates may be potential alternatives for nonylphenol ethoxylates as they exhibited nearly comparative bioactivity against tested pests and toxicities to D. magna and B. rerio.
壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚是工业和农业中广泛使用的表面活性剂。然而，考虑到它们对激素和其他毒理学风险的影响，寻找替代品已经迫在眉睫。在本研究中，比较了壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚（TX-7～TX-30）和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（MOA-5～MOA-20）对茚虫威和噻虫嗪生物活性的协同作用。结果表明，尽管观察到不同程度的降低，但随着 EO（环氧乙烷）数的增加，壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚（TX-7～TX-30）和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（MOA-5～MOA-20）对斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾和烟粉虱的协同比降低。所有乙氧基化物对大型溞和斑马鱼的单一毒性也随着 EO 数的增加而显著降低。就联合毒性而言，随着 EO 数的增加，所有乙氧基化物和农药对大型溞的联合作用由协同作用转变为拮抗作用；随着乙氧基化物中 EO 数的增加，壬基酚乙氧基化物和农药的联合作用由协同作用转变为拮抗作用，而醇乙氧基化物和农药无论 EO 数如何，总是表现出拮抗作用。总体而言，醇乙氧基化物可能是壬基酚乙氧基化物的潜在替代品，因为它们对测试害虫表现出几乎相当的生物活性，并且对大型溞和斑马鱼具有毒性。
