Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Universidad Politecnica de Madrid and CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain.
Neuroadaptive Human-Computer Interaction, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany.
Neuroimage. 2022 Aug 15;257:119056. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119056. Epub 2022 Mar 10.
Good scientific practice (GSP) refers to both explicit and implicit rules, recommendations, and guidelines that help scientists to produce work that is of the highest quality at any given time, and to efficiently share that work with the community for further scrutiny or utilization. For experimental research using magneto- and electroencephalography (MEEG), GSP includes specific standards and guidelines for technical competence, which are periodically updated and adapted to new findings. However, GSP also needs to be regularly revisited in a broader light. At the LiveMEEG 2020 conference, a reflection on GSP was fostered that included explicitly documented guidelines and technical advances, but also emphasized intangible GSP: a general awareness of personal, organizational, and societal realities and how they can influence MEEG research. This article provides an extensive report on most of the LiveMEEG contributions and new literature, with the additional aim to synthesize ongoing cultural changes in GSP. It first covers GSP with respect to cognitive biases and logical fallacies, pre-registration as a tool to avoid those and other early pitfalls, and a number of resources to enable collaborative and reproducible research as a general approach to minimize misconceptions. Second, it covers GSP with respect to data acquisition, analysis, reporting, and sharing, including new tools and frameworks to support collaborative work. Finally, GSP is considered in light of ethical implications of MEEG research and the resulting responsibility that scientists have to engage with societal challenges. Considering among other things the benefits of peer review and open access at all stages, the need to coordinate larger international projects, the complexity of MEEG subject matter, and today's prioritization of fairness, privacy, and the environment, we find that current GSP tends to favor collective and cooperative work, for both scientific and for societal reasons.
良好的科学实践（GSP）不仅指明确的规则、建议和准则，还包括一些隐性的规则、建议和准则，这些规则、建议和准则有助于科学家在任何给定时间都能产出最高质量的工作，并高效地与社区共享这些工作，以便进一步审查或利用。对于使用磁共振和脑电图（MEGE）的实验研究，GSP 包括针对技术能力的具体标准和指南，这些标准和指南会定期更新，并适应新的发现。然而，GSP 也需要从更广泛的角度定期重新审视。在 2020 年 LiveMEEG 会议上，人们对 GSP 进行了反思，不仅包括明确记录的指南和技术进步，还强调了无形的 GSP：对个人、组织和社会现实的普遍认识，以及它们如何影响 MEGE 研究。本文提供了一份关于 LiveMEEG 大部分贡献和新文献的广泛报告，目的是综合当前 GSP 中正在发生的文化变化。首先，本文介绍了与认知偏差和逻辑谬误相关的 GSP、作为避免这些偏差和其他早期陷阱的工具的预注册，以及一些使协作和可重复研究成为可能的资源，以最小化误解。其次，本文介绍了与数据采集、分析、报告和共享相关的 GSP，包括支持协作工作的新工具和框架。最后，本文从 MEGE 研究的伦理影响以及科学家在面对社会挑战时所承担的责任的角度考虑 GSP。考虑到同行评审和开放获取在各个阶段的好处、协调更大的国际项目的必要性、MEGE 主题的复杂性以及当前对公平、隐私和环境的重视，我们发现当前的 GSP 倾向于为了科学和社会原因，支持集体和合作工作。
