埃塞俄比亚东北部健康推广模式家庭与非模式家庭的自我报告食品安全行为及相关因素：一项比较横断面研究
Self-Reported Food Safety Practices and Associated Factors Among Health Extension Model and Non-Model Households in Northeastern Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.
作者信息
Keleb Awoke, Ademas Ayechew, Sisay Tadesse, Adane Metadel
机构信息
Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
出版信息
Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2022 Mar 4;15:375-388. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S353181. eCollection 2022.
PURPOSE
Eating contaminated food continues to cause numerous food-borne diseases globally. Understanding the causes of poor food safety practices is key to preventing food-borne diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of food safety practices and associated factors among health extension model and non-model households in Kombolcha, Ethiopia.
METHODS
A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 327 model households and 329 non-model households in Kombolcha. Four kebeles were selected randomly from a total of 12 kebeles, followed by a systematic random sampling method to select a total of 656 households. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews with household heads and observations from April 15 to May 15, 2021. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Determinants of food safety practices were determined by using multivariable logistic regression model at a value <0.05.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of food safety practices was 44.7% (95% CI: 40.5-48.4%), of which 57.8% (95% CI: 53.0-63.1%) were model and 31.6% (95% CI: 26.5-36.7%) were non-model households, with significant variation among household types. Being a model household (AOR=2.99; 95% CI: 1.98-4.52), having a female household head (AOR=3.13; 95% CI: 2.13-4.59), proper solid waste management (AOR=2.32; 95% CI: 1.54-3.48), good knowledge of food safety (AOR=2.05; 95% CI: 1.43-3.03), and good attitude (AOR=1.74; 95% CI: 1.22, 2.49) were significant predictors of good food safety practices.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of good food safety practices was not satisfactory. Being a model household, having a female household head, proper solid waste management, good knowledge, and good attitude were significantly associated with good food safety practices. Therefore, the identified modifiable factors are potential areas of intervention to enhance good food safety practices.
目的
食用受污染食物在全球范围内持续引发众多食源性疾病。了解食品安全措施不力的原因是预防食源性疾病的关键。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚孔博尔查健康推广示范户和非示范户中食品安全措施的流行情况及相关因素。
方法
在孔博尔查的327户示范户和329户非示范户中开展了一项比较横断面研究。从总共12个社区中随机选取4个社区，然后采用系统随机抽样方法共选取656户家庭。于2021年4月15日至5月15日通过与户主进行面对面访谈及观察收集数据。数据录入EpiData 3.1版本，并使用SPSS 25.0版本进行分析。采用多变量逻辑回归模型确定食品安全措施的决定因素，以P<0.05为标准。
结果
食品安全措施的总体流行率为44.7%（95%可信区间：40.5 - 48.4%），其中示范户为57.8%（95%可信区间：53.0 - 63.1%），非示范户为31.6%（95%可信区间：26.5 - 36.7%），不同家庭类型之间存在显著差异。成为示范户（调整后比值比[AOR]=2.99；95%可信区间：1.98 - 4.52）、户主为女性（AOR=3.13；95%可信区间：2.13 - 4.59）、妥善的固体废物管理（AOR=2.32；95%可信区间：1.54 - 3.48）、良好的食品安全知识（AOR=2.05；95%可信区间：1.43 - 3.03）以及良好的态度（AOR=1.74；95%可信区间：1.22，2.49）是良好食品安全措施的显著预测因素。
结论
良好食品安全措施的流行率不尽人意。成为示范户、户主为女性、妥善的固体废物管理、良好的知识和良好的态度与良好的食品安全措施显著相关。因此，确定的这些可改变因素是加强良好食品安全措施的潜在干预领域。
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