Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
BMC Public Health. 2020 Feb 7;20(1):202. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-8220-0.
Food insecurity is a pressing social and public health issue that varies in degree and impact on individuals and social groups, requiring immediate attention for policymakers and decision-makers. This study was conducted to identify the prevalence and associated factors of food insecurity of rural households particularly in the Shebel Berenta and Machakel districts of East Gojjam zone.
A cross-sectional study design was conducted, in the fall of March 2017 among 504 households. Households are selected using a systematic sampling technique through multistage cluster sampling technique (two stage cluster sampling). The data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire covering a range of topics including 18 core food security modules (CFSM) question series, socioeconomic, demographic and related variables. Multivariable Partial proportional odds model (PPOM) was employed to identify the factors associated with food insecurity in rural households.
Of a total of 504 households considered in the study, 54 (10.71%) were highly food secure, 75 (14.88%) were marginally food secure, 157 (31.15%) were low food secure, and 218 (43.25%) were severely food insecure. District (Machakel) (AOR = 3.28 95% CI: 1.73, 6.24), household head education status, illiterate (AOR = 113.4, 95% CI:7.02,1832.02), read and write (AOR = 169.29, 95%CI:11.64, 2461.39), and elementary completed (AOR = 119.75,95%CI:8.43,1700.74), agro-ecological zone, Woina Dega (AOR = 0.0021,95% CI: 0.00009,0.0514), Dega (AOR = 0.0323, 95%CI: 0.002, 0.5209), family size (AOR = 1.18, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.36), landholding (AOR = 0.767, 95% CI: 0.605, 0.972), TLU (AOR = 0.151, 95% CI: 0.0716, 0.3189), access to toilet (no) (AOR = 7.63, 95% CI: 1.459, 39.78), practicing irrigation (yes) (AOR = 0.121, 95% CI: 0.037, 0.38), loan (no) (AOR = 2.83, 95% CI:1.36, 5.89), access to energy, government electric (AOR = 0.468, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.94), solar panels (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.79), soil fertility, moderate (AOR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.87), fertile (AOR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.032, 0.72) were significant associated food insecurity factors in the study area.
In this study, a high prevalence of food insecurity and various associated food insecurity factors have been identified in the study area. Thus, the concerned stockholders should intervene in food insecure households via different irrigation practices and by considering household size, community-based household head education, and landholding in hectare.
粮食不安全是一个紧迫的社会和公共卫生问题，其程度和对个人和社会群体的影响各不相同，需要政策制定者和决策者立即关注。本研究旨在确定 Shebel Berenta 和 Machakel 地区农村家庭的粮食不安全状况及其相关因素。
2017 年 3 月秋季期间，采用横断面研究设计，对 504 户家庭进行了调查。通过多阶段聚类抽样技术（两阶段聚类抽样），采用系统抽样技术选择家庭。使用结构化访谈问卷调查收集数据，涵盖 18 个核心粮食安全模块（CFSM）问题系列、社会经济、人口统计和相关变量。采用多变量部分比例优势模型（PPOM）确定农村家庭粮食不安全的相关因素。
在考虑的 504 户家庭中，有 54 户（10.71%）高度粮食安全，75 户（14.88%）边缘粮食安全，157 户（31.15%）低度粮食安全，218 户（43.25%）严重粮食不安全。地区（Machakel）（AOR=3.28 95%CI：1.73，6.24）、户主教育状况、文盲（AOR=113.4，95%CI：7.02，1832.02）、读写（AOR=169.29，95%CI：11.64，2461.39）和小学完成（AOR=119.75，95%CI：8.43，1700.74）、农业生态区、沃纳达加（AOR=0.0021，95%CI：0.00009，0.0514）、德加（AOR=0.0323，95%CI：0.002，0.5209）、家庭规模（AOR=1.18，95%CI：1.01，1.36）、土地持有量（AOR=0.767，95%CI：0.605，0.972）、TLU（AOR=0.151，95%CI：0.0716，0.3189）、厕所使用情况（否）（AOR=7.63，95%CI：1.459，39.78）、灌溉实践（是）（AOR=0.121，95%CI：0.037，0.38）、贷款（否）（AOR=2.83，95%CI：1.36，5.89）、能源获取、政府电力（AOR=0.468，95%CI：0.23，0.94）、太阳能电池板（AOR=0.45，95%CI：0.25，0.79）、土壤肥力、中等（AOR=0.28，95%CI：0.12，0.87）、肥沃（AOR=0.15，95%CI：0.032，0.72）是该研究地区粮食不安全的显著相关因素。
在本研究中，发现该研究地区存在高度的粮食不安全和各种相关的粮食不安全因素。因此，相关利益相关者应通过不同的灌溉实践，并考虑家庭规模、基于社区的户主教育和公顷土地持有量，干预粮食不安全家庭。
